Tagoudite Formation

Tagoudite Formation
Tagoudite Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early-Middle Toarcian
	Profile at Jebel Akenzoud (Dadès Gorges) where the Tagoudite, Tafraout and Azilal Fms can be seen. (B) Close-up view of the left side ooidal shoal with lateral accretions (white arrows). (C) Stratigraphic correlation. (D) Close up of the right side shoulder. (E) Close up on the erosion surface.
Type	Geological Formation
Underlies	Aït Abdi Formation; Aït Hani formation; Agoudim 1 Formation; Amellago Formation; Bin el Ouidane Formation; Tafraout Formation;
Overlies	Aberdouz Formation; Aganane Formation; Choucht Formation; Ouchbis Formation;
Thickness	230 m (750 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Siliclastic Sandstone/Mudstone, Marlstone
Location
Location	Er-Rich
Coordinates	31°29′N 5°35′W / 31.49°N 5.58°W
Approximate paleocoordinates	26°36′N 3°24′W / 26.6°N 3.4°W
Region	High Atlas and Middle Atlas
Country	Morocco
Type section
Named for	Tagoudite Pass near Er-Rich
Named by	Riccardo Bernasconi
Year defined	1983
Region	Er-Rich, Midelt Province
Thickness at type section	~70 m (230 ft)
	Tagoudite Formation (Morocco)

The Tagoudite Formation (also known as the "Upper Tamadout Formation") is a geological formation of Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) age in the Béni-Mellal, Imilchil, Tinerhir, Tinejdad and Errachidia areas of the High Atlas (reaching areas near Rich in the Middle Atlas^[1]) of Morocco.^[2]^[3]

Description

Profile at Ouguerd Zegzaoune with the Tagoudite and Tafraout Fms

The Tagoudite Formation marks a major shift in Liassic sedimentation, replacing the carbonate turbidites of the Ouchbis Formation with mostly siliciclastic layers. These layers alternate between gray and green sandstone, sandy marls, and siltstones, forming sequences up to 20 meters thick.^[4] They show a decrease in grain size and an increase in marl content from bottom to top, with features like ripple marks and laminations. Microscopically, the turbidites are mainly fine silt, with varying amounts of quartz, feldspar, and carbonate detritus, and occasional pyrite. This formation suggests an open marine environment with sediment interruptions and materials coming from distant areas. It is widespread in the Central High Atlas, with thicknesses reaching up to 320 meters, and varies across different regions like Tounfite and Beni Mellal. In the Central Middle Atlas, sedimentation was interrupted by emersion before the formation's deposition.^[4] The deposits of the Tagoudite Formation are mostly restricted to the central High Atlas, with a thickness of approx. 200 m in the northwest vs at 30–70 m in the southeast, but retaining around 200 m at center areas like Foum Tillicht.^[5] More at the E it starts to disappear like at the Cirque de Jaafar, SW of Midelt or more at the E at Bou Redine Gorges, were the Agoudim 1 Formation directly overlies the Pliensbachian.^[6]

Biota

Phytoplankton marks oscillations of negative carbon isotope excursions at T-OAE and Pliensbachian-Toarcian (Pl-To) transition, dominated by open marine haptophytan or incertade sedis coccoliths like Biscutum, Carinolithus (including the index C. superbus, marker of the Polymorphum biozone), Calcivascularis, Calyculus, Lotharingius, Mitrolithus, Parhabdolithus or Schizosphaerella, measured in the Tagoudite Fm in areas like Amellago or Talghemt.^[7]^[8]^[9] Dinoflagellates are rare and limited to taxa such as Luehndea, Mancodinium and Mendicodinium.^[10]

Color key

Taxon	Reclassified taxon	Taxon falsely reported as present	Dubious taxon or junior synonym	Ichnotaxon	Ootaxon	Morphotaxon

Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; ~~crossed out~~ taxa are discredited.

Foraminifera

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes
Dentalina^[11]	D. terquemi D. sp.	Bou-Oumardoul	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Nodosariinae.
Citharina^[12]	C. sp.	Taquat N'Agrd	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Vaginulininae.
Everticyclammina^[11]^[13]	E. sp.	Aguerd N´Igli Aguerd N´Wahmane Col de Ghnim Ouguerd Zegzaoune Tizi n-M´Barek	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the Everticyclamminidae family.
Ichtyolaria^[11]^[14]	I. carinata I. gr.major	Bou-Oumardoul Talghemt	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Ichthyolariinae.
Lenticulina^[15]^[14]^[16]	L. matutina L. gottingensis L. acutiangulata L. münsteri L. toarcense L. chichery L. sp.	Anergui Bou-Oumardoul Taquat N'Agrd Talghemt	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Lenticulininae.
Lingulina^[15]	L. brizaeformis L. pupa L. dentaliformis L. tenera	Bou-Oumardoul Taquat N'Agrd	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Lenticulininae.
Marginulina^[15]	M. prima M. spinata	Taquat N'Agrd	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Marginulininae.
Ophtalmidium^[13]^[15]^[17]^[16]	O. concentricum O. sp.	Aguerd N´Igli Anergui Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Jebel Toksine Ouguerd Zegzaoune Taquat N'Agrd Timghissine	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Ophthalmidiidae.
Orbitopsella^[18]	O. praecursor	Col de Ghnim	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Orbitopsellinae.
Pseudocyclammina^[11]^[13]	P. sp.	Aguerd N´Igli Bou-Oumardoul	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Hauraniidae.
Pseudonodosaria^[15]^[14]	P. tennis P. multicostata P. gr.pygmea P. sp.	Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Ouguerd Zegzaoune Talghemt Taquat N'Agrd	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Nodosariinae.
Reinholdella^[11]^[13]^[16]	R. sp.	Anergui Bou-Oumardoul	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Ceratobuliminidae.
Verneuilinoides^[14]	V. cf.subvitreus	Talghemt	Tests/shells	A foraminifer of the family Verneuilinoidinae

Ichnofossils

Ichnogenus	Ichnospecies	Location	Made by	Images
Arenicolites^[19]^[20]	A. ispp.	Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Jbel Taguendouft Jebel Toksine Ouguerd Zegzaoune Tamadoute Taquat N'Agrd Tougza	Amphipoda Arenicolidae Capitellidae Sipuncula Spionida	Arenicolites specimens from Mongolia
Chondrites^[20]	C. ispp.	Agrd N´Igli Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Jebel Toksine Ouguerd Zegzaoune	Polychaeta Sipuncula	Chondrites trace fossil from Scotland
Rhizocorallium^[21]^[20]	R. parallelum R. ispp.	Agrd N´Igli Aït Allal Jbel Akenzoud Jbel Taguendouft Jebel Toksine NW Dades Valley Todrha-Dades Wahmane	Actinopterygii Decapoda Polychaeta	Rhizocorallium from Australia
Scolicia^[19]	S. ispp.	Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Ouguerd Zegzaoune	echinoids Gastropoda
Skolithos^[20]	S. ispp.	Jbel Taguendouft Jebel Toksine	Decapoda Phoronidans Polychaeta	Representation of Skolithos along the possible makers
Thalassinoides^[19]^[20]	T. ispp.	Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Jebel Toksine Ouguerd Zegzaoune	Actinopteri Anomura Decapoda Dipnoi Polychaeta Sipuncula	Thalassinoides from France
Zoophycos^[19]^[20]	Z. ispp.	Agrd N´Igli Aït Allal Bou-Oumardoul Ilourhmane Jebel Toksine Ouguerd Zegzaoune Wahmane	Arenicolidae Capitellidae Sipuncula Spionida	Zoophycos fossil from Kentucky

Brachiopoda

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes
Quadratirhynchia^[22]	Q. vasconcellosi	Akka n’Igoulzane Jebel Bou Ifliyou Jebel Ich Taskouine	Shells	A brachiopod of the family Tetrarhynchiidae
Homoeorhynchia^[23]^[22]	H. meridionalis H. batalleri	Akka n’Igoulzane Jebel Bou Ifliyou Jebel Ich Taskouine Oued Mijdider	Shells	A brachiopod of the family Rhynchonellinae.
Pseudogibbirhynchia^[22]	P. jurensis	Jebel Ich Taskouine	Shells	A brachiopod of the family Pamirorhynchiinae
Soaresirhynchia^[22]	S. tamazirta S. bouchardi	Jebel Ich Taskouine	Shells	A brachiopod of the family Basiliolinae
Telothyris^[23]^[22]	T. jauberti T. arnaudi	Akka n’Igoulzane Jebel Bou Ifliyou Jebel Ich Taskouine	Shells	A brachiopod of the family Lobothyrididae.

Mollusks

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Alectryonia^[24]	A. (Lopha) amellagensis	Agoudim Amellago	Shells	A marine member of the family Ostreidae.	Modern Lopha specimen
Calliphylloceras^[25]	C. nilssoni	Amellago	Shells	An ammonite of the family Calliphylloceratinae
Canavaria^[25]	C. aff. zancleana C. cf. rosenbergi	Amellago	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Chlamys^[24]^[26]	C. semiarticulatus C. aff.uhligi	Agoudim Amellago Bou Dahar	Shells	A marine member of the family Pectinidae.	Modern Chlamys specimens
Dactylioceras^[27]^[28]^[25]	D. (Orthodactylites) aff. crosbeyi D. cf.helianihoides D. (Eodactylites) mirabile D. (Eodactylites) simplex D. (Eodactylites) cf.polymorphum D. (Eodactylites) pseudocommune D. pseudocrassulosum^[24] D. cf. tauromenense	Agoudim Almou-n' Tarzekt Amellago Jbel Aouloum Jbel Bou Hamid Jbel Taguendouft SE Cherket Tagounit Talghemt Tamadoute Taquat N'Agrd Tougza	Shells	An ammonite of the family Dactylioceratidae.	Dactylioceras reconstruction
Eleganticeras^[29]^[25]	E. exaratum E. sp.	Amellago Foum Tillicht	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Gryphaea^[24]^[30]	G. sportella G. cristata G. (Bilobissa) sp.	Agoudim Ait Athmane Amellago	Shells	A saltwater/brackish bivalve of the family Gryphaeidae.	Specimen of the genus
Harpax^[24]	H. spp.	Agoudim Aït-Haceïne Amellago	Shells	A marine member of the family Plicatulidae.
Harpoceras^[29]^[25]	H. serpentinum H. pseudoserpentinum H. falciferum H. subplanatum	Amellago	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.	Harpoceras reconstruction
Hildaites^[25]	H. striatus H. wrighti	Amellago	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Hildoceras^[27]^[28]^[31]	H. sublevisoni H. lusitanicum H. bifrons H. spp.	Agrd N´Igli Aït Allal Akka n’Igoulzane Foum Tillicht Ouguerd Zegzaoune Taquat N'Agrd Wahmane	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.	H. sublevisoni
Juraphyllites^[32]^[25]	J. libertus	Talghemt	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Lytoceras^[25]	L. monpianense L. paulosiomaiicum L. ex gr. villae	Agoudim Amellago	Shells	An ammonite of the family Lytoceratidae.
Murleyiceras^[24]	M. sp.	Almou-n' Tarzekt	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Neithea^[24]	N. ayarii	Agoudim Amellago	Shells	A marine member of Neitheidae.
Nerinea^[33]	N. spp.	Jebel Toksine	Shells	A nerineoidean, member of the family Nerineidae	Specimen of the genus
Neolioceratoides^[32]^[25]	N. hoffmanni	Amellago Talghemt	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Paltarpites^[32]^[24]	P. paltum P. cf.palius P. sp.	Jbel Aouloum Talghemt	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Platyacra^[34]	P. (Asperilla) russoi	Amellago	Shells	A trochoidean, member of the family Angariidae
Praepolyplectus^[25]	P. sp.	Amellago	Shells	An ammonite of the family Hildoceratidae.
Purpurina^[34]	P. rudis	Amellago	Shells	A caenogastropodan, member of the family Purpurinidae	Modern Purpurina specimen
Pholadomya^[35]	P. bucardium P. fidicula P. spp.	Agrd N´Igli Amellago	Shells	A marine member of the family Pholadomyidae.
Spondylus^[26]	S. numidus	Aghbalou N'Kerdous	Shells	A marine member of the family Spondylidae.	Modern Spondylus specimens
Trichites^[35]	T. spp.	Agrd N´Igli Amellago	Shells	A marine member of the family Pinnidae.

Arthropoda

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes
Bairdia^[36]	B. aff.carinata B. spp.	Talghemt	Shells	A marine ostracod of the family Bairdiinae.
Bairdiacypris^[36]	B. spp.	Talghemt	Shells	A marine ostracod of the family Bairdiinae.
Kinkelinella^[36]	K. sermoisensis K. sp.	Talghemt	Shells	A marine ostracod of the family Protocytheridae. Local dominant Lower Toarcian taxon
Ogmoconcha^[36]	O. sp.	Talghemt	Shells	A marine ostracod of the family Healdiidae.
Polycope^[37]	P. spp.	Bou-Oumardoul	Shells	A marine ostracod of the family Polycopidae.

Echinodermata

Rare Ophiuroid impressions can be observed.^[38]

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Apiocrinites^[39]	A. amalthei	Agoudim Amellago	Columnar ossicles	A crinoid of the family Apiocrinitidae
Cotylederma^[39]	C. spp.	Agoudim Amellago	Columnar ossicles	A crinoid of the family Cotyledermatidae
Diplechinus^[39]	D. despujolsi D. spp.	Agoudim Amellago	Ambulacrum, spines	An echinoid of the family Stomechinidae
Diplocidaris^[39]	D. menchikofli	Agoudim Amellago	Ambulacrum, spines	An echinoid of the family Diplocidaridae
Dubarechinus^[39]	D. despujolsi	Agoudim Amellago	Ambulacrum, spines	An echinoid of the family Orthopsidae
Firmacidaris^[39]	F. precincta	Agoudim Amellago	Ambulacrum, spines	An echinoid of the family Cidaridae
Hemicidaris^[39]	H. (Dorycidaris) termieri	Agoudim Amellago	Ambulacrum, spines	An echinoid of the family Hemicidaridae
Pentacrinites^[39]	P. spp.	Agoudim Amellago	Columnar ossicles	A crinoid of the family Pentacrinitidae	Reconstruction of a few specimens
Polypedina^[39]	P. tounatensis	Agoudim Amellago	Ambulacrum, spines	An echinoid of the family Pedinidae

Actinopteri

Several scales and teeth of fishes are know from several locations, coming from freshwater/lagoonal layers.^[40]

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Leptolepis^[41]^[42]	L. spp.	Jbel Bou Hamid	Semiarticulated specimens	Marine bony fish of the family Leptolepidae.	L. coryphaenoides specime

Viridiplantae

Phytoclasts, spores, pollen and Tasmanites & Botryococcus algae indicate that the palaeoenvironment of the lower Toarcian Amellago area was likely proximal continental shelf with a high terrestrial input, and notorious influence of brackish water in the depositional environment.^[43] This interval is numerically dominated by Classopollis, which usually accounts for more than 60.95% of the palynomorphs present.^[43]

Genus	Species	Location	Material	Notes	Images
Alisporites^[44]	A. spp.	Amellago	Pollen	Affinities with Peltaspermaceae or Corystospermaceae
Callialasporites^[44]	C. trilobatus C. spp.	Amellago	Pollen	Affinities with Araucariaceae.	Callialasporites was probably related to modern plants such as Araucaria.
Classopollis^[44]	C. spp.	Amellago	Pollen	Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae.
Cyathidites^[44]	C. minor	Amellago	Spores	Affinities with Cyatheaceae.	Cyathidites was probably related to modern plants such as Cyathea.
Kraeuselisporites^[44]	K. reissingeri	Amellago	Spores	Affinities with Selaginellaceae.	Kraeuselisporites was probably related to modern plants such as Selaginella.
Ischyosporites^[44]	I. variegatus	Amellago	Spores	Affinities with Schizaeaceae/Anemiaceae.	Ischyosporites was probably related to modern plants such as Anemia.
Quadraeculina^[44]	Q. anaellaeformis	Amellago	Pollen	Affinities with Podocarpaceae or Pinaceae.	Quadraeculina was probably related to modern plants such as Dacrycarpus.

References

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^ ^a ^b Dubar, G. (1948). "Etudes paléontologiques sur le lias du Maroc: La faune domérienne du Jebel Bou-Dahar, près de Béni-Tajjite: Bivalvia" (PDF). Notes et mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc. 68 (2): 147–2011.
^ ^a ^b Milhi, Abdellah (1992). Stratigraphie, Fazies und Paläogeographie des Jura am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. OCLC 763029903.
^ ^a ^b Souhel, A. (1996). "Le Mésozoïque dans Haut Atlas de Beni-Mellal (Maroc). Stratigraphie, sédimentologie et évolution géodynamique" (PDF). Strata: Série 2, Mémoires. 27 (6): 1–227. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Bodin, S.; Krencker, F. N.; Kothe, T.; Hoffmann, R.; Mattioli, E.; Heimhofer, U.; Kabiri, L. (2016). "Perturbation of the carbon cycle during the late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian: New insight from high-resolution carbon isotope records in Morocco". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 116 (2): 89–104. Bibcode:2016JAfES.116...89B. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.12.018.
^ Wilmsen, M.; F., Neuweiler (2008). "Biosedimentology of the Early Jurassic post-extinction carbonate depositional system, central High Atlas rift basin, Morocco". Sedimentology. 54 (4): 773–807. Bibcode:2008Sedim..55..773W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00921.x. S2CID 128536733. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
^ Martinez, Mathieu; Krencker, François-Nicolas; Mattioli, Emanuela; Bodin, Stéphane (2017-01-01). "Orbital chronology of the Pliensbachian – Toarcian transition from the Central High Atlas Basin (Morocco)". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 50 (1): 47–69. doi:10.1127/nos/2016/0311. ISSN 0078-0421.
^ ^a ^b ^c Boulila, Slah; Galbrun, Bruno; Sadki, Driss; Gardin, Silvia; Bartolini, Annachiara (2019). "Constraints on the duration of the early Toarcian T-OAE and evidence for carbon-reservoir change from the High Atlas (Morocco)". Global and Planetary Change. 175: 113–128. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.02.005. ISSN 0921-8181.
^ Brame, H. M. R.; Martindale, R. C.; Ettinger, N. P.; Debeljak, I.; Vasseur, R.; Lathuilière, B.; Bodin, S. (2019). "Stratigraphic distribution and paleoecological significance of Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) lithiotid-coral reefal deposits from the Central High Atlas of Morocco". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 514 (2): 813–837. Bibcode:2019PPP...514..813B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.001.
^ ^a ^b Dubar, G. (1948). "Etudes paléontologiques sur le lias du Maroc: La faune domérienne du Jebel Bou-Dahar, près de Béni-Tajjite: Gastropoda" (PDF). Notes et mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc. 68 (2): 40–144.
^ ^a ^b Pierre, A.; Durlet, C.; Razin, P.; Chellai, E. H. (2010). "Spatial and temporal distribution of ooids along a Jurassic carbonate ramp: Amellago outcrop transect, High-Atlas, Morocco". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 329 (1): 65–88. Bibcode:2010GSLSP.329...65P. doi:10.1144/sp329.4. ISSN 0305-8719.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d El Kamar, A.; Boutakiout, M.; Elmi, S.; Sadki, D.; Ruget, C. (1998). "Foraminifères et ostracodes du Lias supérieur et du Bajocien de la Ride de Talghemt (Haut-Atlas central, Maroc)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique. 21 (1): 31–41.
^ Ettaki, Mohammed; Chellaï, El Hassane (2005-07-01). "Le Toarcien inférieur du Haut Atlas de Todrha–Dadès (Maroc) : sédimentologie et lithostratigraphie". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 337 (9): 814–823. Bibcode:2005CRGeo.337..814E. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.04.007. ISSN 1631-0713.
^ Krencker, F. N.; Fantasia, A.; Danisch, J.; Martindale, R.; Kabiri, L.; El Ouali, M.; Bodin, S. (2020). "Two-phased Collapse of the Shallow-water Carbonate Factory during the Late Pliensbachian–Toarcian Driven by Changing Climate and Enhanced Continental Weathering in the Northwestern Gondwana Margin". Earth-Science Reviews. 208 (1): 103–254. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20803254K. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103254. S2CID 225669068.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Dubar, G.; Mouterde, R. (1978). "Les formations à ammonites du Lias Moyen dans Ie Haut Atlas du Midelt et du Tadla" (PDF). Notes & M. Servo Geo/. Maroc. 274 (4): 77.
^ Jenny, J. (1988). "Carte géologique du Maroc au 1/100 000: feuille Azilal (Haut Atlas central). Mémoire explicatif". Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique. 378 (1): 1–122. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
^ Milhi, Abdellah (1992). Stratigraphie, Fazies und Paläogeographie des Jura am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. OCLC 763029903.
^ Ettaki, Mohammed; Chellaï, El Hassane (2005-07-01). "Le Toarcien inférieur du Haut Atlas de Todrha–Dadès (Maroc) : sédimentologie et lithostratigraphie". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 337 (9): 814–823. Bibcode:2005CRGeo.337..814E. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.04.007. ISSN 1631-0713.
^ ^a ^b Khaffou, H.; Hssaida, T.; Maatouf, W.; Essafraoui, B.; El Ouali, M.; Essamoud, R.; Louaya, A.; Rachid, J.; Chakir, S.; Jaydawi, S.; Chafai, K. (2023). "Le Toarcien (sommet de la Zone à Polymorphum–Zone à Bonarelli) d'Amellagou (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc) : Palynostratigraphie et Paléoenvironnement" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Terre. 45 (6): 111–130.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Khaffou, H.; Hssaida, T.; Maatouf, W.; Essafraoui, B.; El Ouali, M.; Essamoud, R.; Louaya, A.; Rachid, J.; Chakir, S.; Jaydawi, S.; Chafai, K. (2023). "Le Toarcien (sommet de la Zone à Polymorphum–Zone à Bonarelli) d'Amellagou (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc) : Palynostratigraphie et Paléoenvironnement" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Terre. 45 (6): 111–130.

[:102-1] Hauptmann, Manfred (1990). "Untersuchungen zur Mikrofazies, Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie jurassischer Karbonat-Gesteine im Atlas-System Zentral-Marokkos". Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. doi:10.23689/fidgeo-6546.

[:12-2] Krencker, F.-N.; Fantasia, A.; El Ouali, M.; Kabiri, L.; Bodin, S. (2022). "The effects of strong sediment-supply variability on the sequence stratigraphic architecture: Insights from early Toarcian carbonate factory collapses". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 136 105469. Bibcode:2022MarPG.13605469K. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105469. ISSN 0264-8172.

[:28-3] Milhi, Abdellah; Ettaki, Mohammed; Chellaï, El Hassane; Hadri, Majid (2002). "Les formations lithostratigraphiques jurassiques du Haut Atlas central (Maroc) : corrélations et reconstitutions paléogéographiques". Documents des laboratoires de géologie Lyon. 156 (1): 163. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

[:02-4] Milhi, Abdellah (1992). Stratigraphie, Fazies und Paläogeographie des Jura am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. OCLC 763029903.

[:21-5] Martinez, Mathieu; Krencker, François-Nicolas; Mattioli, Emanuela; Bodin, Stéphane (2017-01-01). "Orbital chronology of the Pliensbachian – Toarcian transition from the Central High Atlas Basin (Morocco)". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 50 (1): 47–69. doi:10.1127/nos/2016/0311. ISSN 0078-0421.

[:1022-6] Hauptmann, Manfred (1990). "Untersuchungen zur Mikrofazies, Stratigraphie und Paläogeographie jurassischer Karbonat-Gesteine im Atlas-System Zentral-Marokkos". Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. doi:10.23689/fidgeo-6546.

[:212-7] Martinez, Mathieu; Krencker, François-Nicolas; Mattioli, Emanuela; Bodin, Stéphane (2017-01-01). "Orbital chronology of the Pliensbachian – Toarcian transition from the Central High Atlas Basin (Morocco)". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 50 (1): 47–69. doi:10.1127/nos/2016/0311. ISSN 0078-0421.

[EnviroB-8] Bodin, S.; Mattioli, E.; Frohlich, S.; Marshall, J.D.; Boutib, L.; Lahsini, S.; Redfern, J. (2010). "Toarcian carbon isotope shifts and nutrient changes from the Northern margin of Gondwana (High Atlas, Morocco, Jurassic): palaeoenvironmental implications" (PDF). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 297 (1): 377–390. Bibcode:2010PPP...297..377B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.018. S2CID 128495419.

[:24-9] Boulila, Slah; Galbrun, Bruno; Sadki, Driss; Gardin, Silvia; Bartolini, Annachiara (2019). "Constraints on the duration of the early Toarcian T-OAE and evidence for carbon-reservoir change from the High Atlas (Morocco)". Global and Planetary Change. 175: 113–128. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.02.005. ISSN 0921-8181.

[:9-10] Khaffou, H.; Hssaida, T.; Maatouf, W.; Essafraoui, B.; El Ouali, M.; Essamoud, R.; Louaya, A.; Rachid, J.; Chakir, S.; Jaydawi, S.; Chafai, K. (2023). "Le Toarcien (sommet de la Zone à Polymorphum–Zone à Bonarelli) d'Amellagou (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc) : Palynostratigraphie et Paléoenvironnement" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Terre. 45 (6): 111–130.

[:4-11] Ettaki, Mohammed; Chellaï, El Hassane (2005-07-01). "Le Toarcien inférieur du Haut Atlas de Todrha–Dadès (Maroc) : sédimentologie et lithostratigraphie". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 337 (9): 814–823. Bibcode:2005CRGeo.337..814E. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.04.007. ISSN 1631-0713.

[MAJORPAPER3-12] Souhel, A. (1996). "Le Mésozoïque dans Haut Atlas de Beni-Mellal (Maroc). Stratigraphie, sédimentologie et évolution géodynamique" (PDF). Strata: Série 2, Mémoires. 27 (6): 1–227. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

[:26-13] Bouchouata, Abdelaziz (1994-01-01). La ride de Talmest-Tazoult (haut Atlas central, Maroc) : Lithostratigraphie, biostratigraphie et relations tectonique-sédimentation au cours du Jurassique (These de doctorat thesis). Toulouse 3.

[:15-14] El Kamar, A.; Boutakiout, M.; Elmi, S.; Sadki, D.; Ruget, C. (1998). "Foraminifères et ostracodes du Lias supérieur et du Bajocien de la Ride de Talghemt (Haut-Atlas central, Maroc)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique. 21 (1): 31–41.

[MAJORPAPER-15] Souhel, A. (1996). "Le Mésozoïque dans Haut Atlas de Beni-Mellal (Maroc). Stratigraphie, sédimentologie et évolution géodynamique" (PDF). Strata: Série 2, Mémoires. 27 (6): 1–227. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

[:13-16] Fadile, A. (2003). "Carte géologique du Maroc au 1/100 000, feuille d'Imilchil". Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc. 397.

[:10-17] Fonville, Tanner; Martindale, Rowan C.; N. Stone, Travis; Septfontaine, Michel; Bodin, Stéphane; Krencker, François-Nicolas; Kabiri, Lahcen (2024). "Early Jurassic Benthic Foraminiferal Ecology From The Central High Atlas Mountains, Morocco". PALAIOS. 39 (8): 277–299. Bibcode:2024Palai..39..277F. doi:10.2110/palo.2023.026.

[18] Löwner, Ralf (2009). "Recherches sedimentologiques et structurales à l'articulation entre Haut et Moyen Atlas et la Haute Moulouya, Maroc". Publications of the Universität Berlin. 356 (2): 2–212. doi:10.14279/DEPOSITONCE-2264. S2CID 132486463.

[EnviroA-19] Krencker, F. N.; Fantasia, A.; Danisch, J.; Martindale, R.; Kabiri, L.; El Ouali, M.; Bodin, S. (2020). "Two-phased Collapse of the Shallow-water Carbonate Factory during the Late Pliensbachian–Toarcian Driven by Changing Climate and Enhanced Continental Weathering in the Northwestern Gondwana Margin". Earth-Science Reviews. 208 (1): 103–254. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20803254K. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103254. S2CID 225669068.

[Ichnos-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rodríguez-Tovar, F. J. (2021). "Ichnology of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event: An understimated tool to assess palaeoenvironmental interpretations". Earth-Science Reviews. 216 (1) 103579: 103–119. Bibcode:2021ESRv..21603579R. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103579. S2CID 233849558.

[Krencker-21] Krencker, F. N.; Bodin, S.; Hoffmann, R.; Suan, G.; Mattioli, E.; Kabiri, L.; Immenhauser, A. (2014). "The middle Toarcian cold snap: trigger of mass extinction and carbonate factory demise". Global and Planetary Change. 117 (1): 64–78. Bibcode:2014GPC...117...64K. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.03.008. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

[:11-22] Alméras, Y.; Fauré, P.; Cougnon, M. (2017). "Brachiopodes toarciens du Haut-Atlas central (Maroc). Implications biostratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques". Bulletin de la Société d'histoire naturelle de Toulouse. 153 (5): 47–66.

[Evvv-23] Ettaki, M.; Ibouh, H.; Chellaï, E. H. (2007). "Événements tectono-sédimentaires au Lias-Dogger de la frange méridionale du Haut-Atlas central, Maroc". Estudios Geológicos. 63 (2): 103–125. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

[Amm-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Dubar, G.; Mouterde, R. (1978). "Les formations à ammonites du Lias Moyen dans Ie Haut Atlas du Midelt et du Tadla" (PDF). Notes & M. Servo Geo/. Maroc. 274 (4): 77.

[:8-25] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Benzaggagh, Mohamed; Khaffou, Hanane; Salamon, Mariusz A.; Hssaida, Touria; Ouali, Mohamed El; Essafraoui, Badre (2022). "ammonites du Toarcien du Haut Atlas central (Maroc)". Annales de Paléontologie. 108 (2): 102540. Bibcode:2022AnPal.10802540B. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2022.102540. ISSN 0753-3969.

[:112-26] Dubar, G. (1948). "Etudes paléontologiques sur le lias du Maroc: La faune domérienne du Jebel Bou-Dahar, près de Béni-Tajjite: Bivalvia" (PDF). Notes et mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc. 68 (2): 147–2011.

[:022-27] Milhi, Abdellah (1992). Stratigraphie, Fazies und Paläogeographie des Jura am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. OCLC 763029903.

[MAJORPAPER2-28] Souhel, A. (1996). "Le Mésozoïque dans Haut Atlas de Beni-Mellal (Maroc). Stratigraphie, sédimentologie et évolution géodynamique" (PDF). Strata: Série 2, Mémoires. 27 (6): 1–227. Retrieved 12 May 2022.

[Anoxia2-29] Bodin, S.; Krencker, F. N.; Kothe, T.; Hoffmann, R.; Mattioli, E.; Heimhofer, U.; Kabiri, L. (2016). "Perturbation of the carbon cycle during the late Pliensbachian–early Toarcian: New insight from high-resolution carbon isotope records in Morocco". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 116 (2): 89–104. Bibcode:2016JAfES.116...89B. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2015.12.018.

[Bio-30] Wilmsen, M.; F., Neuweiler (2008). "Biosedimentology of the Early Jurassic post-extinction carbonate depositional system, central High Atlas rift basin, Morocco". Sedimentology. 54 (4): 773–807. Bibcode:2008Sedim..55..773W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00921.x. S2CID 128536733. Retrieved 3 January 2022.

[:213-31] Martinez, Mathieu; Krencker, François-Nicolas; Mattioli, Emanuela; Bodin, Stéphane (2017-01-01). "Orbital chronology of the Pliensbachian – Toarcian transition from the Central High Atlas Basin (Morocco)". Newsletters on Stratigraphy. 50 (1): 47–69. doi:10.1127/nos/2016/0311. ISSN 0078-0421.

[:242-32] Boulila, Slah; Galbrun, Bruno; Sadki, Driss; Gardin, Silvia; Bartolini, Annachiara (2019). "Constraints on the duration of the early Toarcian T-OAE and evidence for carbon-reservoir change from the High Atlas (Morocco)". Global and Planetary Change. 175: 113–128. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.02.005. ISSN 0921-8181.

[:2-33] Brame, H. M. R.; Martindale, R. C.; Ettinger, N. P.; Debeljak, I.; Vasseur, R.; Lathuilière, B.; Bodin, S. (2019). "Stratigraphic distribution and paleoecological significance of Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian-Toarcian) lithiotid-coral reefal deposits from the Central High Atlas of Morocco". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 514 (2): 813–837. Bibcode:2019PPP...514..813B. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.09.001.

[:03-34] Dubar, G. (1948). "Etudes paléontologiques sur le lias du Maroc: La faune domérienne du Jebel Bou-Dahar, près de Béni-Tajjite: Gastropoda" (PDF). Notes et mémoires du Service géologique du Maroc. 68 (2): 40–144.

[:6-35] Pierre, A.; Durlet, C.; Razin, P.; Chellai, E. H. (2010). "Spatial and temporal distribution of ooids along a Jurassic carbonate ramp: Amellago outcrop transect, High-Atlas, Morocco". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 329 (1): 65–88. Bibcode:2010GSLSP.329...65P. doi:10.1144/sp329.4. ISSN 0305-8719.

[:152-36] El Kamar, A.; Boutakiout, M.; Elmi, S.; Sadki, D.; Ruget, C. (1998). "Foraminifères et ostracodes du Lias supérieur et du Bajocien de la Ride de Talghemt (Haut-Atlas central, Maroc)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique. 21 (1): 31–41.

[:42-37] Ettaki, Mohammed; Chellaï, El Hassane (2005-07-01). "Le Toarcien inférieur du Haut Atlas de Todrha–Dadès (Maroc) : sédimentologie et lithostratigraphie". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 337 (9): 814–823. Bibcode:2005CRGeo.337..814E. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.04.007. ISSN 1631-0713.

[EnviroA3-38] Krencker, F. N.; Fantasia, A.; Danisch, J.; Martindale, R.; Kabiri, L.; El Ouali, M.; Bodin, S. (2020). "Two-phased Collapse of the Shallow-water Carbonate Factory during the Late Pliensbachian–Toarcian Driven by Changing Climate and Enhanced Continental Weathering in the Northwestern Gondwana Margin". Earth-Science Reviews. 208 (1): 103–254. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20803254K. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103254. S2CID 225669068.

[Amm2-39] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Dubar, G.; Mouterde, R. (1978). "Les formations à ammonites du Lias Moyen dans Ie Haut Atlas du Midelt et du Tadla" (PDF). Notes & M. Servo Geo/. Maroc. 274 (4): 77.

[Memor6-40] Jenny, J. (1988). "Carte géologique du Maroc au 1/100 000: feuille Azilal (Haut Atlas central). Mémoire explicatif". Notes et Mémoires du Service géologique. 378 (1): 1–122. Retrieved 25 January 2022.

[:024-41] Milhi, Abdellah (1992). Stratigraphie, Fazies und Paläogeographie des Jura am Südrand des zentralen Hohen Atlas (Marokko). Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin. OCLC 763029903.

[:44-42] Ettaki, Mohammed; Chellaï, El Hassane (2005-07-01). "Le Toarcien inférieur du Haut Atlas de Todrha–Dadès (Maroc) : sédimentologie et lithostratigraphie". Comptes Rendus Geoscience. 337 (9): 814–823. Bibcode:2005CRGeo.337..814E. doi:10.1016/j.crte.2005.04.007. ISSN 1631-0713.

[:92-43] Khaffou, H.; Hssaida, T.; Maatouf, W.; Essafraoui, B.; El Ouali, M.; Essamoud, R.; Louaya, A.; Rachid, J.; Chakir, S.; Jaydawi, S.; Chafai, K. (2023). "Le Toarcien (sommet de la Zone à Polymorphum–Zone à Bonarelli) d'Amellagou (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc) : Palynostratigraphie et Paléoenvironnement" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Terre. 45 (6): 111–130.

[:93-44] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Khaffou, H.; Hssaida, T.; Maatouf, W.; Essafraoui, B.; El Ouali, M.; Essamoud, R.; Louaya, A.; Rachid, J.; Chakir, S.; Jaydawi, S.; Chafai, K. (2023). "Le Toarcien (sommet de la Zone à Polymorphum–Zone à Bonarelli) d'Amellagou (Haut Atlas Central, Maroc) : Palynostratigraphie et Paléoenvironnement" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Terre. 45 (6): 111–130.

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