Polymaths
Baer Karl Ernst von Baer Baer's law on river erosion and embryological Baer's laws , founder of the Russian Entomological Society , co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society Alexander Borodin Prince Igor Borodin reaction , co-discovered Aldol reaction Alexander Chizhevsky heliobiology and modern air ionification , Russian cosmist Johann Gottlieb Georgi omul fish of Baikal , published the first full-scale work on ethnography of indigenous peoples of Russia Lvov Mikhail Lomonosov Moscow State University ; proposed the law of conservation of matter ; disproved the phlogiston theory ; invented coaxial rotor and the first helicopter ; invented the night vision telescope and off-axis reflecting telescope ; discovered the atmosphere of Venus ; suggested the organic origin of soil , peat , coal , petroleum and amber ; pioneered the research of atmospheric electricity ; coined the term physical chemistry freezing of mercury ; co-developed Russian porcelain , re-discovered smalt and created a number of mosaics dedicated to Petrine era ; author of an early account of Russian history and the first opponent of the Normanist theory ; reformed Russian literary language by combining Old Church Slavonic with vernacular tongue in his early grammar; influenced Russian poetry through his odes Nikolay Lvov Russian folk songs , adapted rammed earth technology for northern climate and built the Priory Palace in Gatchina , pioneered HVAC technology, invented carton-pierre Alexander Middendorf Putorana Plateau , founder of permafrost science, studied the influence of permafrost on living beings, coined the term radula horse breeder Pallas Vladimir Obruchev Siberia and Central Asia , author of the comprehensive Geology of Siberia and two popular science fiction novels, Plutonia Sannikov Land Peter Simon Pallas European Russia and Siberia , discoverer of the first pallasite meteorite (Krasnojarsk ) and multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat , Pallas's squirrel , and Pallas's gull Yakov Perelman popular science , author of many popular books, including the Physics Can Be Fun and Mathematics Can Be Fun Nicholas Roerich Central Asia , public figure, initiator of the international Roerich's Pact on the defense of cultural objects, author of over 7000 paintingsPyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Tian Shan Mountains , discoverer of the Peak Khan Tengri , for 40 years the head of the Russian Geographical Society , statistician, organiser of the first Russian Empire Census Vasily Tatishchev Urals and Siberia, founder of Perm and Yekaterinburg , discovered and published Russkaya Pravda Sudebnik Ioachim Chronicle encyclopedic dictionary of Russian language Vladimir Vernadsky geochemistry , biogeochemistry and radiogeology , creator of noosphere theory, popularized the term biosphere Russian cosmist Ivan Yefremov taphonomy , author of The Land of Foam Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale Thais of Athens
Earth scientists
Chersky Dmitry Anuchin anthroposphere Volga river source Karl Baer Baer's law on river erosion , co-founder of the Russian Geographical Society Lev Berg Central Asian lakes, including Balkhash and Issyk Kul , a head of the Soviet Geographical Society Leonid Brekhovskikh acoustical oceanography , discovered the deep sound channel , the first to observe mesoscale ocean eddies Ivan Chersky Siberia , explained the origin of Lake Baikal , pioneered the geomorphological evolution theoryPyotr Chikhachyov Central Asia , discovered Kuznetsk Coal Basin Dokuchaev Vasily Dokuchaev soil science , created the first soil classification , determined the five factors for soil formation Alexander Fersman geochemistry , discovered copper in Monchegorsk , apatites in Khibiny , sulfur in Central Asia Boris Golitsyn seismograph , the president of International Association of Seismology Grigory Gamburtsev seismologist , invented a number of seismological methods and devicesIvan Gubkin Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas Köppen Alexander Karpinsky Soviet Academy of Sciences Alexander Keyserling geology Maria Klenova marine geology , polar explorerWladimir Köppen meteorologist , author of the commonly used Köppen climate classification Stepan Krasheninnikov Kamchatka Alexander Kruber karstology Nikolai Kudryavtsev abiogenic theory for origin of petroleum , coordinated oil and gas exploration in Siberia Middendorf Leonid Kulik Tunguska event Mikhail Lomonosov organic origin of soil , peat , coal , petroleum and amber ; forerunner of the continental drift theory, pioneer researcher of atmospheric electricity Alexander Middendorf permafrost science, determined the southern border of permafrostPavel Molchanov radiosonde Ivan Mushketov Turkestan Vladimir Obruchev Geology of Siberia and two popular science fiction novels,Obruchev Plutonia Sannikov Land Mikhail Pomortsev nephoscope Farman Salmanov oil fields in West Siberia Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Tian Shan Mountains , for 40 years the head of the Russian Geographical Society , prominent statistician and organiser of the first Russian Empire Census Nikolay Shatsky tectonic map of North Eurasia , introduced Riphean and Baikalian geological stages Pyotr Shirshov Shirshov Institute of Oceanology , proved that there is life in high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean Yuly Shokalsky Soviet Geographical Society , coined the term World Ocean Elizabeth Soshkina Aleksey Tillo hypsometric map of European Russia , coined the term Central Russian Upland Russian rivers Andrey Tikhonov magnetotellurics in geologyVladimir Vernadsky geochemistry , biogeochemistry and radiogeology , creator of noosphere theory, popularized the term biosphere Nadejda Voronets , Russian geologist and one of the first women paleontologists in Russia; specialist in Mesozoic mollusks of the North and Far East of the USSR.Irina Pavlovna Zarutskaya
Biologists and paleontologists
Bolotov Johann Friedrich Adam Adams mammoth , the first complete woolly mammoth skeletonKarl Baer Russian Entomological Society , formulated embryological Baer's laws Jacques von Bedriaga herpetologist , described Bedriaga's rock lizard and Bedriaga's skink Dmitry Belyayev domesticated silver fox Lev Berg ichthyologist of Central Asia and European Russia Nikolai Bernstein biomechanics Andrey Bolotov agriculturist , discovered dichogamy , pioneered cross-pollination Ivanovsky August von Bongard botanist of Alaska , discoverer of Sitka spruce and red alder Alexander Bunge botanist of Siberia (especially Altai )Mikhail Chailakhyan flowering , described the florigen hormoneSergei Chetverikov modern evolutionary synthesis Alexander Chizhevsky heliobiology and modern air ionification Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermol'eva biochemist , independently synthesized penicillin during World War II .Eduard Eversmann Andrey Famintsyn plant physiologist , inventor of grow lamp , developer of symbiogenesis theoryYuri Filipchenko microevolution and macroevolution Nikolay Gamaleya microbiologist and pioneer of Russian vaccine researchJohann Georg Gmelin Siberian floraMerezhkovsky Grigory Grum-Grshimailo Przewalski's horses and more than 1000 bird specimens from his travels in Central AsiaAlexander Gurwitsch morphogenetic field theory and discovered the biophoton Ilya Ivanov artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals, involved in controversial attempts to create a human-ape hybrid Dmitry Ivanovsky viruses Georgii Karpechenko rabbage (the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through crossbreeding )Nikolai Koltsov cytoskeleton Michurin Vladimir Komarov plant geographer , President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences , founder of the Komarov Botanical Institute Alexander Kovalevsky gastrulation Boris Kozo-Polyansky botanist , and evolutionary biologist . First to support the theory of symbiogenesis with Darwinian evolution, and first director of The B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University .Trofim Lysenko yarovization , infamous for lysenkoism Evgeny Maleev Talarurus , Tarbosaurus , and Therizinosaurus Carl Maximowicz Far Eastern flora Ilya Mechnikov immune system , probiotics and phagocytosis , coined the term gerontology Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerMikhail Menzbier ornithologist , discoverer of the Menzbier's marmot Konstantin Merezhkovsky lichenologist , developer of symbiogenesis theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theoryIvan Michurin pomologist , selectionist and geneticist , practiced crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivars Schrenck Alexander Middendorf permafrost on living beings, coined the term radula horse breeder Victor Motschulsky coleopterologist (researcher of beetles )Sergei Navashin double fertilization Alexey Olovnikov Telomerase , suggested the Telomere hypothesis of aging and the Telomere relations to cancer Aleksandr Oparin biochemist , proposed the "primordial soup " theory of life origin , showed that many food production processes are based on biocatalysis Heinz Christian Pander germ layers Peter Simon Pallas Pallas's cat , Pallas's squirrel , and Pallas's gull Ivan Pavlov physiology , the first to research classical conditioning , Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerVladimir Pravdich-Neminsky EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian brainNikolai Przhevalsky the only extant species of wild horse Timiryazev Anatoly Rozhdestvensky Aralosaurus and Probactrosaurus Ivan Schmalhausen modern evolutionary synthesis Leopold von Schrenck Amur sturgeon , Manchurian black water snake and Schrenck's bittern Boris Schwanwitsch military camouflage during World War IIIvan Sechenov electrophysiology and neurophysiology Georg Wilhelm Steller Vitus Bering 's voyages, discoverer of Steller's jay , Steller's eider , Vavilov Steller's sea cow and multiple other animalsLina Stern blood–brain barrier and first female full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Armen Takhtajan Takhtajan system of flowering plant classification, major biogeographer Kliment Timiryazev chlorophyll Nikolai Timofeeff-Ressovsky radiation genetics , population genetics , and microevolution Lev Tsenkovsky ontogenesis of lower plants and animalsMikhail Tsvet chromatography Nikolai Vavilov Vinogradsky seeds , identified the centres of origin of main cultivated plantsMikhail Voronin fungi and plant pathology Sergey Vinogradsky biogeochemical cycle concept, discovered lithotrophy and chemosynthesis , invented the Winogradsky column for breeding of microorganisms Ivan Yefremov taphonomy Sergey Zimov Pleistocene Park
Physicians and psychologists
Bekhterev Korsakov Mechnikov Pavlov Sechenov Skumin Stern Zeigarnik Aleksandr Bakulev cardiovascular surgery developerVladimir Bekhterev objective psychology , noted the role of the hippocampus in memory, major contributor to reflexology , studied the Bekhterev's Disease Vladimir Betz Betz cells of primary motor cortex Peter Borovsky Oriental sore Sergey Botkin therapist and court physicianNikolay Burdenko neurosurgery Konstantin Buteyko Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disordersMikhail Chumakov tick-borne encephalitis , co-developed oral polio vaccine Livery Darkshevich neurologist , described the nucleus of posterior commissure Vladimir Demikhov transplantology Vladimir Filatov ophthalmologist , corneal transplantation pioneerSvyatoslav Fyodorov radial keratotomy Georgy Gause gramicidin S and other antibiotics Oleg Gazenko space medicine , selected and trained Laika , the first space dog Vera Gedroitz Surgery in the worldIlya Gruzinov vocal folds are the source of phonation Waldemar Haffkine cholera and bubonic plague Gavriil Ilizarov Ilizarov apparatus , developed distraction osteogenesis Nikolai Korotkov auscultatory blood pressure measurement , pioneer of vascular surgery Sergey Korsakov alcoholism on the nervous system , described Korsakoff's syndrome , introduced paranoia conceptAleksei Kozhevnikov epilepsia partialis continua Aleksey Leontyev activity theory in psychologyPeter Lesgaft physical education in RussiaAlexander Luria cultural-historical psychology , major researcher of aphasia Ilya Mechnikov immune system , probiotics and phagocytosis ; coined the term gerontology Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerLazar Minor Minor's disease Pyotr Nikolsky dermatologist , discoverer of Nikolsky's sign Alexey Olovnikov Telomerase , suggested the Telomere hypothesis of aging and the Telomere relations to cancer Ivan Pavlov physiology , the first to research classical conditioning , influenced comparative psychology and behaviorism by his works on reflexes , Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerNikolay Pirogov ether anaesthesia and modern field surgery , the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operationsAza Rakhmanova Leonid Rogozov appendectomy on himself during the 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition , a famous case of self-surgery Grigory Rossolimo neuropsychology Vladimir Roth neuropathologist , described meralgia paraesthetica Ivan Sechenov electrophysiology and neurophysiology , author of the classic work Reflexes of the Brain Vladimir Serbsky forensic psychiatry in RussiaNikolay Sklifosovskiy field surgeon Victor Skumin , the first to describe a previously unknown disease, now called Skumin syndrome[ 1] Lina Stern blood–brain barrier Fyodor Uglov Igor Ursov phthisiatrist , the inventor of intravenous intermittent bactericidal tuberculosis therapy Alexander Varshavsky ubiquitination , Wolf Prize in Medicine winnerLuka Voyno-Yasenetsky purulent surgery , saintLev Vygotsky cultural-historical psychology , major contributor to child development and psycholinguistics , introduced zone of proximal development and cultural mediation conceptsJosias Weitbrecht intervertebral discs Sergei Yudin cadaveric blood transfusion Bluma Zeigarnik Zeigarnik effect , founded experimental psychopathology
Economists and sociologists
Kantorovich Alexander Chayanov consumption-labour-balance principle Georges Gurvitch sociology of knowledge and sociology of law Leonid Kantorovich linear programming , developed the theory of optimal allocation of resources, Nobel Prize in Economics winnerNikolai Kondratiev Kondratiev waves Andrey Korotayev cliodynamics , a prominent developer of social cycle theory Gleb Krzhizhanovsky GOELRO plan , the first Chief of Gosplan Simon Kuznets Kuznets swings , built the Kuznets curve , disproved the Absolute Income Hypothesis , Nobel Prize in Economics winnerSorokin Evsei Liberman Kosygin reform (initiated by Alexei Kosygin ) in economyWassily Leontief input-output analysis and the Leontief paradox , Nobel Prize in Economics winnerVasily Nemchinov central planning Grigory Orlov Free Economic Society Pitirim Sorokin social cycle theory Eugen Slutsky Slutsky equation Stanislav Strumilin planned economy , developed the first five-year plans
Historians and archaeologists
Artamonov Friedrich von Adelung museologist , researched the European accounts of the Time of Troubles Valery Alekseyev Homo rudolfensis Mikhail Artamonov Khazar studies, excavated a great number of Scythian and Khazar kurgans and settlements, including the fortress of Sarkel Artemiy Artsikhovsky birch bark documents in Novgorod Vasily Bartold turkologist , the "Gibbon of Turkestan " , an archaeologist of Samarcand Konstantin Bestuzhev-Ryumin paleographer , founder of the Bestuzhev Courses for womenDanilevsky Nikita Bichurin Sinology , published many documents on Chinese and Mongolian history , opened the first Chinese-language school in RussiaNikolay Danilevsky Eurasianism , the first to present an account of history as a series of distinct civilisations Igor Diakonov Sumer and Assyria Boris Farmakovsky Ancient Greek colony Olbia Vladimir Golenishchev Wadi Hammamat , discovered over 6,000 antiquities, including the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus Story of Wenamun Fayum portraits Karamzin Timofey Granovsky mediaeval studies in Russia, disproved the historicity of Vineta Boris Grekov Kievan Rus' and Golden Horde Lev Gumilev Central Asian peoples, related ethnogenesis and biosphere , influenced the rise of Neo-Eurasianism Boris Hessen externalism into modern historiography of science Dmitry Ilovaysky Normanist Pyotr Kafarov sinologist , discovered many invaluable manuscripts, including The Secret History of the Mongols Nikolai Karamzin sentimentalist writer and historian, author of the 12-volume History of the Russian State , the principal early 19th-century account of national historyVasily Klyuchevsky Alexander Kazhdan Byzantinist , editor of the Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Nikodim Kondakov Byzantine art Müller Andrey Korotayev cliodynamics , a prominent developer of social cycle theory Mykola Kostomarov Great Russia and Little Russia and the history of Ukraine Pyotr Kozlov Central Asia , discoverer of the ancient Tangut city of Khara-Khoto and Xiongnu royal burials at Noin-Ula Platon Levshin Most Holy Synod during the Age of Enlightenment , author of the first systematic course of the history of Russian Orthodox Church Nikolay Likhachyov sigillographer , prominent also in a number of other auxiliary historical disciplinesAleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky Russian Genealogical Book Nestor Mikhail Lomonosov Normanist theory , published an early account of Russian historyBoris Marshak Sogdian ruins at Panjakent Friedrich Martens Martens Clause of the Hague Peace Conference Vladimir Minorsky Persia Gerhardt Friedrich Müller Russian Academy of Sciences , explorer and the first academic historian of Siberia , a founder of ethnography , author of the first academic account of Russian history , put forth the Normanist theory Aleksei Musin-Pushkin The Tale of Igor's Campaign Nestor the Chronicler Primary Chronicle East Slavic chronicle) and several hagiographies , saintDimitri Obolensky Byzantine commonwealth researcherProskuryakova Alexey Okladnikov Siberia and Mongolia Sergey Oldenburg Indology and the Academic Institute of Oriental Studies George Ostrogorsky Byzantinist Avraamy Palitsyn Time of Troubles Evgeny Pashukanis The General Theory of Law and Marxism Boris Piotrovsky Urartu , Scythia , and Nubia , long-term director of the Hermitage Museum Mikhail Piotrovsky Hermitage Museum Mikhail Pogodin Normanist theory Boris Polevoy Russian Far East Mikhail Pokrovsky Marxist historian prominent in the 1920sNatalia Polosmak Pazyryk burials , discoverer of Ice Maiden mummy Alexander Polovtsov Maecenas , founder of the Russian Historian SocietyTatyana Proskuryakova Mayanist scholar and archaeologist, deciphered the ancient Maya script Semyon Remezov Siberia , author of the Remezov Chronicle Mikhail Rostovtsev Ancient World , excavated Dura-Europos Solovyov Nicholas Roerich Central Asia , initiator of the international Roerich's Pact on protection of historical monumentsSergei Rudenko Scythian Pazyryk burials Boris Rybakov Normanist theory Dmitry Samokvasov Black Grave discovererViktor Sarianidi Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex and the Bactrian Gold Central Asia Mikhail Shcherbatov Russian Enlightenment , conservative historianSergey Solovyov History of Russia Vasily Struve Ancient World , put forth the Marxist theory of five socio-economic formations that dominated the Soviet educationTatishchev Yevgeny Tarle Napoleon's invasion of Russia and on the Crimean War Vasily Tatischev Russkaya Pravda Sudebnik Ioachim Chronicle Mikhail Tikhomirov paleography , published the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles Boris Turayev History of Ancient East Peter Turchin cliodynamics Fyodor Uspensky Trapezuntine Empire Aleksey Uvarov kurgans Vasily Vasilievsky Byzantinist Alexander Vasiliev History of the Byzantine Empire Nikolay Veselovsky Afrasiab (the oldest part of Samarkand ), as well as the Solokha and Maikop kurgans in Southern RussiaNikolai Yadrintsev Genghis Khan 's capital Karakorum and the Orkhon script of ancient Türks Valentin Yanin birch bark documents Gennady Zdanovich Sintashta culture settlement Arkaim
Linguists and ethnographers
Baudouin de Courtenay Vasily Abaev Iranian languages Alexander Afanasyev folklorist , recorded and published over 600 Russian fairy tales , by far the largest folktale collection by any one man in the worldIvan Baudouin de Courtenay phoneme and the systematic treatment of alternations , pioneer of synchronic analysis and mathematical linguistics Vladimir Bogoraz Chukchi people , founder of the Institute of the Peoples of the North Otto von Böhtlingk Indologist and Sanskrit grammarian Fyodor Buslaev Mythological school of comparative literature Dahl Vladimir Dahl Russian language lexicographer of the 19th century, folklorist and turkologist , author of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Live Great Russian language Johann Gottlieb Georgi indigenous peoples of Russia Dmitry Gerasimov Renaissance scholarsVladislav Illich-Svitych Nostratic linguisticsVyacheslav Ivanov glottalic theory of Indo-European consonantism Roman Jakobson phonology , made numerous contributions to Slavic linguistics , author of Jackobson's Communication Model Wilhelm Junker Equatorial Africa , studied the Zande people from Niam-Niam Kafarov Pyotr Kafarov sinologist , developed the cyrillization of Chinese , discovered and published many invaluable manuscripts, including The Secret History of the Mongols Yuri Knorozov epigrapher and ethnographer, deciphered the ancient Maya script , proposed a decipherment for the Indus script Evdokia Kozhevnikova Svan language were rediscovered in the 2010sNikolay Krushevsky phoneme and the systematic treatment of alternations Gerasim Lebedev Indology , introduced Bengali script typing to Europe, founded the first European-style drama theater in IndiaDmitry Likhachov Old Russian language and literatureMiklukho-Maklai Mikhail Lomonosov grammar that reformed Russian literary language by combining Old Church Slavonic with vernacular tongueJuri Lotman Nikolay Lvov Russian folk songs , published epic bylinas Richard Maack Siberia Sergey Malov Turkic alphabets , deciphered ancient Orkhon script Nicholas Marr Japhetic theory origin of language Igor Melchuk Meaning-Text Theory Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai Papua New Guinea and Pacific islands , prominent anti-racist Gerhardt Friedrich Müller ethnography Semyon Novgorodov Yakut politician and linguist, creator of written Yakut language (Sakha scripts )Sergei Ozhegov Russian language Trubetzkoy Stephan of Perm Komi Permyaks to Christianity and invented the Old Permic script Yevgeny Polivanov polyglot , developed the cyrillization of Japanese Nicholas Poppe Altaic languages researcherGrigory Potanin Central Asia , the first to research Salar people Vladimir Propp formalist scholar, major researcher of folk tales and mythology Tatyana Proskuryakova Mayanist scholar and archaeologist, deciphered the ancient Maya script George de Roerich Tibetologist Franz Anton Schiefner tibetologist , Finnic and Caucasus languages researcherIsaac Jacob Schmidt Mongolian Zaliznyak Leopold von Schrenck Paleo-Asiatic peoplesPeter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography Aleksey Shakhmatov textology , prepared major 20th-century reforms of Russian orthography , pioneered the systematic research of Old Russian and medieval Russian literature Lev Shcherba phonetist and phonologist , author of the phrase "glokaya kuzdra "Fyodor Shcherbatskoy Indologist , initiated the scholarly study of Buddhist philosophy in the WestIvan Snegiryov Russian proverbs and researcher of lubok printsIzmail Sreznevsky Slavist , published Codex Zographensis Codex Marianus Kiev Fragments Zamenhof Sergei Starostin Altaic languages theory, proposed Dené–Caucasian languages macrofamily , reconstructed a number of Eurasian proto-languagesStepan Stoichev philologist , specialist in literary criticism , Head of Nizhniy Novgorod Pedagogical Institute[ 2] Vasily Tatischev dictionary of Russian Tenevil Chukchi reindeer herder who created a writing system for the Chukchi language Nikolai Trubetzkoy phonology and inventor of morphophonology , defined phoneme , a founder of the Prague School of structural linguistics Dmitry Ushakov Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Max Vasmer Indo-European , Finno-Ugric and Turkic etymologist , author of the Etymological dictionary of the Russian language Viktor Vinogradov Russian Language Institute Alexander Vostokov Old Church Slavonic Ostromir Gospel East Slavic book), pioneer researcher of the Russian grammar Andrey Zaliznyak inflection , prominent researcher of the Old Novgorod dialect and birch bark documents , proved the authenticity of the Tale of Igor's Campaign L. L. Zamenhof Esperanto , the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language
Mathematicians
Arnold Georgy Adelson-Velsky AVL tree algorithm, developer of Kaissa , the first world computer chess championAleksandr Aleksandrov CAT(k) space and Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem in geometryPavel Alexandrov Alexandroff compactification and the Alexandrov topology Dmitri Anosov Anosov diffeomorphism Vladimir Arnold Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem in dynamical systems , solved Hilbert's 13th problem , raised the ADE classification and Arnold's rouble problems Sergey Bernstein Bernstein polynomial , Bernstein's theorem on monotone functions and Bernstein inequalities in probability theory Nikolay Bogolyubov edge-of-the-wedge theorem , Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem , describing function and multiple important contributions to quantum mechanics Chebyshev Sergey Chaplygin Chaplygin's equation , important in aerodynamics and notion of Chaplygin gas Nikolai Chebotaryov Chebotarev's density theorem Pafnuti Chebyshev probability , statistics and number theory , author of the Chebyshev's inequality , Chebyshev distance , Chebyshev function , Chebyshev equation Boris Delaunay Delaunay triangulation , organised the first Soviet Student Olympiad in mathematicsVladimir Drinfeld quantum groups and ADHM construction , Fields Medal winnerEugene Dynkin Dynkin diagram , Doob–Dynkin lemma and Dynkin system in algebra and probability Leonhard Euler mathematical analysis , Euler graph theory and number theory , introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation (mathematical function , Euler's number , Euler diagram )Anatoly Fomenko New Chronology Evgraf Fedorov Periodic graph in geometry, the first to catalogue all of the 230 space groups of crystalsBoris Galerkin Galerkin method in numerical analysis Israel Gelfand group theory , representation theory and linear algebra , author of the Gelfand representation , Gelfand pair , Gelfand triple , integral geometry Alexander Gelfond Gelfond's theorem , provided means to obtain infinite number of transcendentals , including Gelfond–Schneider constant and Gelfond's constant , Wolf Prize in Mathematics winnerSergei Godunov Godunov's theorem and Godunov's scheme in differential equations Valery Goppa Goppa codes , and algebraic geometry codes in the field of algebraic geometry Gromov Mikhail Gromov geometric group theory , inventor of homotopy principle , introduced Gromov's compactness theorems , Gromov norm , Gromov product , Wolf Prize winnerLeonid Kantorovich linear programming , introduced the Kantorovich inequality and Kantorovich metric , developed the theory of optimal allocation of resources, Nobel Prize in Economics winnerAnatoly Karatsuba Karatsuba algorithm (the first fast multiplication algorithm )Leonid Khachiyan Ellipsoid algorithm for linear programming Aleksandr Khinchin Pollaczek-Khinchine formula , Wiener–Khinchin theorem and Khinchin inequality in probability theory Kovalevskaya Andrey Kolmogorov probability axioms , Chapman–Kolmogorov equation and Kolmogorov extension theorem in probability ; Kolmogorov complexity Maxim Kontsevich Kontsevich integral and Kontsevich quantization formula , Fields Medal winnerVladimir Kotelnikov information theory , an author of fundamental sampling theorem Sofia Kovalevskaya Kovalevskaya top Mikhail Kravchuk Kravchuk polynomials and Kravchuk matrix Mark Krein Tannaka–Krein duality , Krein–Milman theorem and Krein space , Wolf Prize winnerAlexander Kronrod Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula and Kaissa , the first world computer chess championNikolay Krylov edge-of-the-wedge theorem , Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem and describing function Lobachevsky Aleksandr Kurosh Kurosh subgroup theorem and Kurosh problem in group theory Olga Ladyzhenskaya Hilbert's 19th problem and important Navier–Stokes equations Evgeny Landis AVL tree algorithmVladimir Levenshtein Levenshtein automaton , Levenshtein coding and Levenshtein distance Leonid Levin Cook-Levin theorem Yuri Linnik Linnik's theorem in analytic number theory Nikolai Lobachevsky Copernicus of Geometry non-Euclidean geometry (Lobachevskian or hyperbolic geometry )Nikolai Lusin Luzin's theorem , Luzin spaces and Luzin sets in descriptive set theory Aleksandr Lyapunov stability theory , author of the Lyapunov's central limit theorem , Lyapunov equation , Lyapunov fractal , Lyapunov time Leonty Magnitsky Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation , author of the principal Russian 18th-century textbook in mathematicsAnatoly Maltsev decidability of various algebraic groups ,Lyapunov Malcev algebra Yuri Manin Gauss–Manin connection in algebraic geometry , Manin-Mumford conjecture and Manin obstruction in diophantine geometry Grigory Margulis lattices in Lie groups , Wolf Prize and Fields Medal winnerAndrey Markov, Sr. Markov chains , proved Markov brothers' inequality , author of the hidden Markov model , Markov number , Markov property , Markov's inequality , Markov processes , Markov random field , Markov algorithm Andrey Markov, Jr. Markov's principle and Markov's rule in logicsYuri Matiyasevich Matiyasevich's theorem in set theory , provided negative solution for Hilbert's tenth problem Alexander Mikhailov Informatics Markov, Sr. Mark Naimark Gelfand–Naimark theorem and Naimark's problem Pyotr Novikov word problem for groups and Burnside's problem Sergei Novikov algebraic topology and soliton theory , developed Adams–Novikov spectral sequence and Novikov conjecture , Wolf Prize and Fields Medal winnerAndrei Okounkov infinite symmetric groups and Hilbert scheme researcher, Fields Medal winnerMikhail Ostrogradsky divergence theorem and partial fractions in integration Grigori Perelman Riemannian geometry and topology , proved Geometrization conjecture Sobolev Poincaré conjecture , won a Fields medal and the first Clay Millennium Prize Problems Award (declined both)Lev Pontryagin Pontryagin duality and Pontryagin classes in topology, and Pontryagin's minimum principle in optimal control Yury Prokhorov Lévy–Prokhorov metric and Prokhorov's theorem in probability Alexander Razborov mathematician and computational theorist who won the Nevanlinna Prize in 1990 and the Gödel Prize for contributions to computer sciences Lev Schnirelmann Lusternik–Schnirelmann category in topology and Schnirelmann density of numbersMoses Schönfinkel combinatory logic Yakov Sinai Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy and Sinai billiard , Wolf Prize and Abel Prize winnerEugen Slutsky Slutsky equation and Slutsky's theorem Stanislav Smirnov triangular lattice , Fields MedalistSergei Sobolev Sobolev spaces and mathematical distributions , co-developer of the first ternary computer Setun Vladimir Steklov Steklov Institute of Mathematics , proved theorems on generalized Fourier series Jakow Trachtenberg Trachtenberg system of mental calculation Boris Trakhtenbrot Gap theorem , developed Trakhtenbrot's theorem Valentin Turchin Refal programming language , introduced metasystem transition and supercompilation Andrey Tikhonov Tikhonov space and Tikhonov's theorem (central in general topology ), the Tikhonov regularization of ill-posed problems , invented magnetotellurics Pavel Urysohn metrization theorems , Urysohn's Lemma and Fréchet–Urysohn space in topology Nicolay Vasilyev non-Aristotelian logic , the forerunner of paraconsistent and multi-valued logics Ivan Vinogradov Vinogradov's theorem and Pólya–Vinogradov inequality in analytic number theory Vladimir Voevodsky homotopy theory for schemes and modern motivic cohomology , Fields MedalistGeorgy Voronoy Voronoi diagram Dmitry Yegorov Egorov's Theorem in mathematical analysis Efim Zelmanov restricted Burnside problem , Fields Medal winner
Astronomers and cosmologists
Bredikhin Viktor Ambartsumian theoretical astrophysics , discoverer of stellar associations , founder of Byurakan Observatory in Armenia Vladimir Belinski BKL singularity model of the Universe evolutionAristarkh Belopolsky spectrograph based on the Doppler effect , among the first photographers of stellar spectra Fyodor Bredikhin comet tails, meteors and meteor showers , a director of the Pulkovo Observatory Jacob Bruce observatory in Russia (in the Sukharev Tower )Lyudmila Chernykh asteroids Friedmann Nikolai Chernykh asteroids and 2 comets Aleksandr Chudakov radiation belt Alexander Friedmann expanding-universe solution to the general relativity field equations , an author of the FLRW metric of Universe George Gamow alpha decay via quantum tunneling and Gamow factor in stellar nucleosynthesis , introduced the Big Bang nucleosynthesis theory, predicted cosmic microwave background Matvey Gusev Moon , pioneer of photography in astronomyNikolai Kardashev Kardashev scale for ranking the space civilizationsIsaak Khalatnikov BKL singularity model of the Universe evolutionMarian Kowalski Milky Way Feodosy Krasovsky Krasovsky ellipsoid , a coordinate system used in the USSR and the post-Soviet statesAnders Johan Lexell celestial mechanics and comet astronomy, proved that Uranus is a planet rather than a comet Evgeny Lifshitz BKL singularity model of the Universe's evolutionAndrei Linde chaotic inflation theory F.W. Struve Mikhail Lomonosov off-axis reflecting telescope , discoverer of the atmosphere of Venus Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov Maksutov telescope Igor Novikov Novikov self-consistency principle in the theory of time travel Viktor Safronov planetesimal hypothesis of planet formation Grigory Shayn Crimean Astrophysical Observatory , co-developed a method for measurement of stellar rotation Sunyaev Iosif Shklovsky radio astronomy and cosmic rays , extraterrestrial life researcherFriedrich Wilhelm Struve Pulkovo Observatory , prominent researcher and discoverer of new double stars , initiated the construction of 2,820 km long Struve Geodetic Arc , progenitor of the Struve family of astronomersOtto Lyudvigovich Struve stellar rotation , directed several observatories in the USOtto Wilhelm von Struve Pulkovo Observatory , discovered over 500 double stars Rashid Sunyaev Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect of CMB distortionGeorge Volkoff neutron stars Boris Vorontsov-Velyaminov interstellar dust , author of the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies Ivan Yarkovsky YORP and Yarkovsky effects of meteoroids or asteroids Aleksandr Zaitsev Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence radar astronomy experiment, transmitted the Cosmic Calls Yakov Zel'dovich accretion discs around massive black holes are responsible for the quasar radiation, co-predicted the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect of CMB distortionFelix Ziegel Moscow Aviation Institute , author of more than 40 popular books on astronomy and space exploration, generally regarded as a founder of Russian ufology
Physicists
Alferov Alexei Abrikosov magnetic flux can penetrate a superconductor (the Abrikosov vortex ), Nobel Prize winnerArtem Alikhanian cosmic rays , inventor of wide-gap track spark chamber Franz Aepinus electricity and magnetism , proved the electric nature of pyroelectricity , explained electric polarization and electrostatic induction , invented achromatic microscope Abraham Alikhanov cosmic rays , built the first nuclear reactors in the USSR, founder of Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP)Zhores Alferov heterotransistor , Nobel Prize winnerSemen Altshuler EPR and NMR , predicted acoustic paramagnetic resonance Basov Lev Artsimovich tokamak , researcher of high temperature plasma Gurgen Askaryan self focusing of light, discovered Askaryan effect in particle physics Nikolay Basov laser and maser , Nobel Prize winnerNikolay Bogolyubov BBGKY hierarchy , formulated a microscopic theory of superconductivity , suggested a triplet quark model, introduced a new quantum degree of freedom (color charge )Gersh Budker electron cooling , co-inventor of collider Sergey Chaplygin aero- and hydrodynamics , formulated the Chaplygin's equations and Chaplygin gas conceptPavel Cherenkov Cherenkov radiation , Nobel Prize winnerYuri Denisyuk 3D holography Ludvig Faddeev Faddeev–Popov ghosts and Faddeev equations in quantum physics Cherenkov Georgy Flyorov nuclear physicist , one of the initiators of the Soviet atomic bomb project , co-discoverer of seaborgium and bohrium , founder of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Vladimir Fock Fock space , Fock state and the Hartree–Fock method in quantum mechanics Ilya Frank Cherenkov radiation , Nobel Prize winnerVsevolod Frederiks (Fréedericksz) Fréedericksz transition , the Fréedericksz critical field in liquid crystals Yakov Frenkel electron hole , discovered the Frenkel defect of a crystal lattice , described the Poole–Frenkel effect in solid-state physics George Gamow alpha decay as quantum tunneling, developed theories of the Big Bang , nucleosynthesis and offered explanation of foundations of molecular genetics Andre Geim graphene , developer of gecko tape , Nobel Prize winner and at the same time Ig Nobel Prize winner for diamagnetic levitation of a living frog Vitaly Ginzburg Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity , a developer of hydrogen bomb , Nobel Prize winnerKapitsa Vladimir Gribov pomeron , DGLAP equations and Gribov ambiguity Aleksandr Gurevich runaway breakdown theory of lightning Abram Ioffe Dmitri Ivanenko nuclear shell and exchange of nuclear forces , predicted the synchrotron radiation , the author of the hypothesis of quark stars Boris Jacobi Maximum power theorem in electrical engineering , invented electroplating , electrotyping , galvanoplastic sculpture and electric boat Landau Pyotr Kapitsa magnetic fields , co-discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an atomic nucleus discovered superfluidity , Nobel Prize winnerYuly Khariton Soviet atomic bomb , co-developer of the Tsar Bomb Orest Khvolson Chwolson ring effect of gravitational lensing Sergey Krasnikov Krasnikov tube , a speculative mechanism for space travelIgor Kurchatov nuclear power plant , developer of the first nuclear reactors for surface ships Dmitry Lachinov Lev Landau Ginzburg–Landau theory of superconductivity , explained the Landau damping in plasma physics , pointed out the Landau pole in quantum electrodynamics , co-author of the famous Course of Theoretical Physics Grigory Landsberg Raman scattering of lightLenz Mikhail Lavrentyev Soviet Academy of Sciences and Akademgorodok in Novosibirsk Pyotr Lebedev radiation pressure on a solid body, thus privoving the Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism Heinrich Lenz Lenz's law of electromagnetism Evgeny Lifshitz BKL singularity model of the Universe evolution, co-author of the famous Course of Theoretical Physics Mikhail Lomonosov conservation of matter , disproved the phlogiston theory Oleg Losev light-emitting diode and crystadine Alexander Makarov orbitrap Boris Mamyrin reflectron Petrov Leonid Mandelshtam Raman effect Stanislav Mikheyev Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect of neutrino oscillations Konstantin Novoselov graphene , developer of gecko tape , Nobel Prize winnerYuri Oganessian Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), co-discoverer of the heaviest elements in the periodic table; element Oganesson Vasily Petrov electric arc , proposed arc lamp and arc welding Boris Podolsky EPR Paradox in quantum physics Alexander Polyakov Polyakov action , 't Hooft–Polyakov monopole and BPST instanton Isaak Pomeranchuk synchrotron radiation Bruno Pontecorvo neutrino high energy physics , his work led to the discovery of PMNS matrix Prokhorov Alexander Popov lightning detector , one of the inventors of radio , recorded the first experimental radiolocation at seaVictor Popov Faddeev–Popov ghosts in quantum field theory Alexander Prokhorov laser and maser , Nobel Prize winnerGeorg Wilhelm Richmann electrometer , pioneer researcher of atmospheric electricity , killed by a ball lightning in experimentAndrei Sakharov tokamak and the Tsar Bomb , inventor of explosively pumped flux compression generator , Nobel Peace Prize winnerNikolay Semyonov atomic nucleus , Nobel Prize in Chemistry winnerLev Shubnikov Shubnikov–de Haas effect , one of the first researchers of solid hydrogen and liquid helium Dmitri Skobeltsyn cloud chamber for studying cosmic rays , the first to observe positrons Alexei Smirnov Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect of neutrino oscillations Arseny Sokolov Sokolov–Ternov effect , a developer of synchrotron radiation theoryStoletov Igor Tamm Cherenkov radiation , co-developer of tokamak , Nobel Prize winnerAleksandr Stoletov photoelectric cell , built the Stoletov curve and pioneered the research of ferromagnetism Igor Ternov Sokolov–Ternov effect of synchrotron radiation Nikolay Umov Umov–Poynting vector and Umov effect , the first to propose the formula
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Petr Ufimtsev stealth technology Sergey Vavilov Cherenkov radiation , formulated the Kasha–Vavilov rule of quantum yields Zhukovsky Vladimir Veksler synchrophasotron , co-inventor of synchrotron Evgeny Velikhov ITER (thermonuclear experimental tokamak )Anatoly Vlasov Vlasov equation in plasma physics Alexey Yekimov quantum dots Yevgeny Zavoisky EPR spectroscopy , co-developer of NMR spectroscopy Yakov Zel'dovich beta decay of a pi meson and the muon catalysis , co-predicted the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect of CMB distortionNikolai Zhukovsky aero- and hydrodynamics , the first to study airflow, author of Joukowsky transform and Kutta–Joukowski theorem , founder of TsAGI and pioneer of aviationOctiabr' Emelianenko ,III-V compound semiconductors .
Chemists and material scientists
Butlerov Alexander Baykov metallurgist and academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.Ernest Beaux Chanel No. 5 , "the world's most legendary fragrance"Nikolay Beketov aluminothermy , a founder of physical chemistry Friedrich Konrad Beilstein Beilstein test for the detection of halogens , author of the Beilstein database in organic chemistry Boris Belousov Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction , a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics Alexander Borodin Prince Igor Borodin reaction , co-discovered Aldol reaction Aleksandr Butlerov hexamine , formaldehyde and formose reaction (the first synthesis of sugar ), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulae, a founder of organic chemistry and the theory of chemical structure Dmitry Chernov metallography , discovered polymorphism in metals, built the iron -carbon phase diagram Claus Aleksei Chichibabin Chichibabin pyridine synthesis , Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis and Chichibabin reaction Lev Chugaev Chugaev elimination in organic chemistry Karl Ernst Claus ruthenium Nikolay Demyanov Demjanov rearrangement in organic chemistry Aleksandr Dianin Bisphenol A and Dianin's compound Constantin Fahlberg saccharin , the first artificial sweetener Alexey Favorsky Favorskii rearrangement and Favorskii reaction in organic chemistry Alexander Frumkin electrochemistry , author of the theory of electrode reactionsEvgraf Fedorov space groups of crystals , thus founding the modern crystallography Fedorov Andre Geim graphene , developer of gecko tape , Nobel Prize in Physics winnerIgor Gorynin weldable titanium alloys, high strength aluminium alloys, and many radiation-hardened steelsVladimir Ipatieff Ipatieff bomb , a founder of petrochemistry Isidore Russian vodka Boris Jacobi electroplating and initiated its practical usagePyotr Kapitsa superfluidity while studying liquid helium , Nobel Prize in Physics winnerMorris Kharasch thimerosal Markovnikov Gottlieb Kirchhoff glucose Ivan Knunyants poly-caprolactam , founder of Soviet school of fluorocarbon 's chemistry, a developer of Soviet chemical weapons Sergei Lebedev polybutadiene , the first commercially viable synthetic rubber Mikhail Lomonosov physical chemistry smalt , proved that the phlogiston theory was false, the first to record the freezing of mercury Aleksandr Loran fire fighting foam Konstantin Novoselov graphene , developer of gecko tape , Nobel Prize in Physics winnerMendeleev Vladimir Markovnikov Markovnikov's rule in organic chemistry , discoverer of naphthenes Mikhail Davidovich Mashkovsky Dmitri Mendeleyev Periodic table of chemical elements , the first to predict the properties of elements yet to be discovered, invented pyrocollodion , developer of pipelines and a prominent researcher of vodka Nikolai Menshutkin Menshutkin reaction in organic chemistry Sergey Namyotkin terpenes , discoverer of Nametkin rearrangement Ilya Prigogine dissipative structures , Tsvet complex systems and irreversibility , Nobel Prize winnerSergey Reformatsky Reformatsky reaction in organic chemistry Nikolay Semyonov chain reaction theory, Nobel Prize winnerCarl Schmidt Vladimir Shukhov chemical cracking Mikhail Shultz glass electrode theory; author of several thermodynamic methodsMikhail Tsvet chromatography Victor Veselago permittivity and permeability Paul Walden Walden inversion and ethylammonium nitrate , the first room temperature ionic liquid Alexander Zaytsev Zaitsev's rule in organic chemistry Nikolay Zelinsky activated charcoal gas mask in Europe during World War I, co-discoverer of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation , a founder of petrochemistry Nikolai Zinin benzidine , co-discovered aniline , the first President of the Russian Physical-Chemical SocietyAnatol Zhabotinsky Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction , a classical example of non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Structural engineers
Betancourt Nikolai Belelubsky Agustín de Betancourt Moscow Manege and the giant cast iron dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral , founded Goznak Vladimir Barmin launch complex (Baikonur Cosmodrome )Akinfiy Demidov Leaning Tower of Nevyansk , the first structure to employ rebars and cast iron cupola , as well as the first lightning rod in the Western worldAlexey Dushkin deep column station , Mayakovskaya Alexander Hrennikoff finite element method Shukhov Nikolai Nikitin Moscow State University , Luzhniki Stadium , The Motherland Calls and Ostankino Tower (once the world's tallest freestanding structure )Lavr Proskuryakov Trans-Siberian Railway , inventor and tutorVladimir Shukhov industrial designs (hyperboloid structure , thin-shell structure , tensile structure , gridshell ), builder of Shukhov Towers and multiple other structures
Aerospace engineers
Rostislav Alexeyev Raketa hydrofoils and ekranoplans , including the Caspian Sea Monster Oleg Antonov An -series aircraft, including A-40 winged tank and An-124 cargo aircraft , later modified to world's largest fixed-wing aircraft An-225 Georgy Babakin soft lander spacecraft Luna 9 Vladimir Barmin launch complex (Baikonur Cosmodrome )Robert Bartini ekranoplans and VTOL amphibious aircraft , physicist, tutor to many other aerospace designersAlexander Bereznyak rocket-powered aircraft , BI-1 Georgy Beriev Be -series amphibious aircraft Glushko Georgy Bothezat quadcopter helicopter (The Flying Octopus Vladimir Chelomey space station Salyut 1 Proton rocket (the most used heavy lift launch system )Evgeniy Chertovsky pressure suit Nicolas Florine tandem rotor helicopterValentyn Glushko hypergolic propellant and electrically powered spacecraft propulsion , designer of the world's most powerful liquid-fuel rocket engine RD-170 Pyotr Grushin anti-ballistic missile Mikhail Gurevich MiG -series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet aircraft MiG-15 supersonic aircraft MiG-21 Sergey Ilyushin Il -series fighter aircraft, including Il-2 most produced military aircraft in history)Aleksei Isaev rocket-powered fighter aircraft, BI-1 Mstislav Keldysh satellite (Sputnik Keldysh bomber Kerim Kerimov Nikolay Kamov Ka -series coaxial rotor helicoptersKotelnikov Alexander Kemurdzhian space rover (Lunokhod Sergei Korolyov the Father of the Soviet space program , inventor of the first intercontinental ballistic missile and the first space rocket (R-7 Semyorka satellite (Sputnik first human spaceflight Gleb Kotelnikov knapsack parachute and drogue parachute Semyon Lavochkin La -series aircraft and the first operational surface-to-air missile S-25 Berkut Mikhail Lomonosov coaxial rotor and the first helicopter Gleb Lozino-Lozinskiy Buran space shuttle and Spiral project Arkhip Lyulka Lyulka -series aircraft engines , including the first double jet turbofan Victor Makeev SLBM Artem Mikoyan MiG -series fighter aircraft, including world's most produced jet MiG-15 supersonic aircraft MiG-21 Arseny Mironov Stalin Prize recipient (1948) for the new method of aerodynamic research, USSR State Prize recipient (1976) for the completion of flight testing of the Su-24 heavy fighter-bomber aircraftMikhail Mil Mi -series helicopters, including Mil Mi-8 most produced helicopter ) and Mil Mi-12 Alexander Mozhaysky heavier-than-air craft in Russia, designed the largest of 19th-century airplanes Alexander Nadiradze ICBM RT-21 Temp 2S RT-2PM Topol Nikolai Polikarpov Po -series aircraft, including Po-2 Kukuruznik most produced biplane )Alexander Procofieff de Seversky ionocraft and gyroscopically stabilized bombsight Guy Severin spacewalk supporting system Severin Igor Sikorsky airliner and strategic bomber (Sikorsky Ilya Muromets helicopter , founder of the Sikorsky Aircraft Boris Shavyrin air-augmented rocket Pavel Sukhoi Su -series fighter aircraftVladimir Syromyatnikov Androgynous Peripheral Attach System Max Taitz aerodynamics , theory of jet engines and flight testing of aircraft , one of the founders of the Gromov Flight Research Institute , recipient of the Stalin Prize (1949 and 1953), Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR Mikhail Tikhonravov Sputniks , including the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky astronautics Alexei Tupolev Tu -series aircraft, including the first supersonic transport Tu-144 Andrey Tupolev turboprop long-range airliner Tu-114 turboprop strategic bomber Tu-95 Vladimir Vakhmistrov Zveno project (the first bomber with parasite aircraft )Alexander Yakovlev Yak -series aircraft, including the first regional jet Yak-40 Friedrich Zander liquid-fuel rocket in the Soviet Union, GIRD -X, pioneer of astronauticsNikolai Zhukovsky aero- and hydrodynamics , pioneer of aviation
Naval engineers
Krylov 1- Rostislav Alexeyev , designer of high-speed Raketa hydrofoils and ekranoplans , including the Caspian Sea Monster 2- Anatoly Alexandrov , inventor of degaussing , developer of naval nuclear reactors (including one for the first nuclear icebreaker )3- Mikhail Britnev , designer of the first metal-hull icebreaker Pilot 4- Boris Jacobi , inventor of electric boat , developer of modern naval mining 5- Konstantin Khrenov , inventor of underwater welding 6- Alexey Krylov , general of the fleet , inventor of gyroscopic damping of ships, author of the insubmersibility theoryMakarov 7- Fyodor Litke , explorer, inventor of recording tide measurer 8- Stepan Makarov , admiral, war hero, oceanographer, inventor of torpedo boat tender , builder of the first polar icebreaker , author of the insubmersibility theory9- Victor Makeev , developer of the first intercontinental submarine-launched ballistic missile 10- Ludvig Nobel , designer of the modern oil tanker 11- Peter the Great , monarch and craftsman, inventor of yacht club and sounding line with separating plummet , founder of the Russian Navy 12- Pavel Schilling , inventor of electric naval mine 13- Igor Spassky , designer of the Sea Launch platform and over 200 nuclear submarines , including the world's largest submarines (Typhoon class )14- Vladimir Yourkevitch , designer of SS Normandie ship hull design
Electrical engineers
Schilling 1- Zhores Alferov , physicist, inventor of heterotransistor , Nobel Prize winner2- Nikolay Benardos , inventor of carbon arc welding (the first practical arc welding method)3- Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky , inventor of three-phase electric power 4- Boris Jacobi , inventor of electroplating , electrotyping , galvanoplastic sculpture and electric boat 5- Konstantin Khrenov , inventor of underwater welding 6- Dmitry Lachinov , inventor of electricity economizer , electrical insulation tester, pioneer of long-distance electricity transmission 7- Alexander Lodygin , one of the inventors of incandescent light bulb , inventor of electric streetlight and tungsten filament 8- Oleg Losev , inventor of light-emitting diode and crystadine Yablochkov 9- Vasily Petrov , inventor of electric arc and arc welding 10- Fyodor Pirotsky , inventor of railway electrification system and electric tram 11- Alexander Poniatoff , inventor of videotape recorder 12- Georg Wilhelm Richmann , inventor of electrometer , died from ball lightning during an experiment13- Pavel Schilling , inventor of shielded cable , electric mine and electromagnetic telegraph 14- Nikolay Slavyanov , inventor of shielded metal arc welding 15- Aleksandr Stoletov , physicist, inventor of photoelectric cell 16- Pavel Yablochkov , inventor of Yablochkov candle (the first commercially viable electric lamp ), AC transformer and headlamp
Computer scientists
Glushkov 1- Georgy Adelson-Velsky , inventor of AVL tree algorithm, developer of Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion )2- Boris Babayan , developer of the Elbrus supercomputers 3- Sergey Brin , inventor of the Google web search engine 4- Nikolay Brusentsov , inventor of ternary computer (Setun 5- Mikhail Donskoy , a leading developer of Kaissa , the first computer chess champion6- Victor Glushkov , a founder of cybernetics , inventor of the first personal computer MIR 7- Yevgeny Kaspersky , developer of Kaspersky anti-virus products 8- Semen Korsakov , the first to use punched cards for information storage and search9- Evgeny Landis , inventor of AVL tree algorithm10- Sergey Lebedev , developer of the first Soviet and European electronic computers , MESM and BESM 11- Leonid Levin , IT scientist, developed the Cook-Levin theorem 12- Willgodt Theophil Odhner , inventor of the Odhner Arithmometer , the most popular mechanical calculator in the 20th centuryPajitnov
See also
References
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