Nilson
Nilson is both a surname and a given name variant of Nelson.
It thus can also be an anglicized version of the Scandinavian surnames Nilsen, Nielsen, and Nilsson. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
- Anton Nilson (1887–1989), Swedish militant socialist
 - Carlos Nilson, one of the members of the beat and rock band Los Naufragos
 - Cynthia Nilson. songwriter and singer from Buenos Aires, Argentina
 - Gunnar Nilson (1872–1951), Swedish physician
 - Johan Ernst Nilson, Swedish explorer interested in environmental and climate-related issues
 - John Nilson, Canadian politician in Saskatchewan
 - Lars Fredrik Nilson (1840–1899), Swedish chemist who discovered scandium in 1879
 - Lawrence Nilson, the Commander-in-chief of Bombay from 6 January 1785 to 6 September 1788
 - Marcus Nilson (born 1978), Swedish professional ice hockey player
 - Mitch Nilsson (born 1991), Australian professional baseball player
 - Peter Nilson (1937–1998), Swedish astronomer and novelist
 
Given name
- Nílson (footballer, born 1965), Nilson Esidio Mora, Brazilian football forward
 - Nilson (footballer, born 1975), Nilson Corrêia Júnior, Brazilian football goalkeeper
 - Nilson Cortes (born 1977), Colombian football striker
 - Nilson (footballer, born 1987), Nilson Taty Sousa Vaz, Santomean football goalkeeper
 - Nilson (footballer, born 1989), Nilson Ricardo da Silva Junior, Brazilian football defensive midfielder
 - Nilson (footballer, born 1991), José Nilson dos Santos Silva, Brazilian football striker
 
See also
- Nilson Nelson Gymnasium, an indoor sporting arena in Brasília, Brazil
 - The Adventures of Nilson Groundthumper and Hermy, a comic series by Stan Sakai
 - Nilsson