The Devonian Needmore Formation or Needmore Shale is a mapped bedrock unit in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia.
Description
The Needmore Formation was originally described by Willard and Cleaves in 1939 as a dark- to medium-gray limy shale, based on exposures in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania.  They considered it part of the Onondaga Group.[2]
DeWitt and Colton (1964) described the Needmore as "soft calcareous medium dark-brownish-gray and greenish-gray shale and mudrock...and soft, slightly calcareous very fissile brownish-black shale" that is not resistant to weathering.  They estimated its thickness in their study area (southern Bedford County, Pennsylvania, and most of Allegany County, Maryland) as approximately 150 feet.[3]
Fossils
DeWitt and Colton (1964) identified brachiopods (Coelospira acutiplicata, Eodevonaria arcuata), trilobites (Viaphacops cristata), and ostracods (Favulella favulosa) in the Needmore.[3]
Notable Exposures
Type locality is between Needmore and Warfordsburg in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania.
Age
Relative age dating places the Needmore in the middle Devonian.
References
- ^ Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau
- ^ a b Willard, Bradford, and Cleaves, A.B., 1939, Ordovician-Silurian relations in Pennsylvania: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 50, no. 7, p. 1165-1198.
- ^ a b deWitt, W. Jr., and Colton, G. W., 1964, Bedrock geology of the Evitts Creek and Pattersons Creek Quadrangles, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Surveys Bull. 1179, pl 1 and 2. [1]
 
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| Ph | | Pz | | P | | Cisuralian | 
Dunkard GroupGreene Formation
 Windy Gap LimestoneWindy Gap CoalGilmore LimestoneNineveh SandstoneNineveh CoalNineveh LimestoneFish Creek SandstoneClaysville LimestoneDunkard CoalProsperity LimestoneTenmile CoalDonley LimestoneUpper Washington CoalRockport Member
 Washington Formation
 Upper Washington Limestone MemberJollytown Limestone MemberJollytown CoalMiddle Washington Limestone MemberWashington CoalLower Washington Limestone Member
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 | C | | ⁋ | | Gzhelian | 
Dunkard GroupWaynesburg Formation
 Upper Waynesburg MemberLittle Washington CoalWaynesburg“B” coalMiddle Waynesburg MemberWaynesburg“A” coalLower Waynesburg Member
 Monongahela GroupUniontown Formation
 Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal"Gilboy Sandstone MemberLittle Waynesburg CoalWaynesburg Limestone MemberUniontown Sanstone MemberAnnabelle Shale MemberUniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal"Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime"Fulton Shale Member
 Pittsburgh Formation
 Benwood LimestoneUpper Sewickley CoalUpper Sewickley Sandstone MemberSewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal"Lower Sewickley Sandstone MemberSewickley Limestone MemberCedarville Sanstone MemberRedstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal"Westone Sanstone MemberPittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
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 | Kasimovian | 
Conemaugh GroupCasselman Formation
 Upper Pittsburgh Limestone MemberLittle Pittsburgh coal seamLower Pittsburgh Limestone MemberConnellsville MemberMorgantown MemberBirmingham Member
 Glenshaw Formation
 Ames LimestonePittsburgh Red BedsUpper Bakerstown coalUpper Saltsburg Sandstone MemberWoods Run Limestone MemberLower Saltsburg Sandstone MemberPine Creek Limestone MemberBuffalo Sandstone MemberBush Creek Limestone Member
 Mahoning Formation
 Bush Creek CoalUpper Mahoning Sandstone MemberMahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal"Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
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 | Moscovian | 
Allegheny GroupFreeport Formation
 Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal"Upper Freeport Limestone MemberButler Sandstone MemberLower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal"Upper Freeport Limestone MemberFreeport Sandstone Member
 Kittanning Formation
 Upper Kittanning CoalJohnstone Limestone MemberMiddle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal"Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal"Kittanning Sandstone Member
 Clarian Formation
 Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal"Vanport Limestone MemberBrookville Coal "No. 4 Coal"Brookville Member
 Pottsville GroupBeaver River Formation
 Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand"
 Mercer Formation
 Upper Mercer Limestone MemberUpper Mercer CoalLower Mercer Limestone MemberLower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
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 | Bashkirian | 
Pottsville GroupConnoquenessing Formation
 Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand"Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal"Quakertown Fire ClayQuakertown ShaleLower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member
 Sharon Formation
 Sharon Shale MemberSharon Coal "No. 1 Coal"Sharon Sandstone
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 | D | | Upper | | Famennian | 
Venango Group
 Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,Chadakoin Formation, First Warren
 Bradford Group
 Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane
 Elk Group
 1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand
 Ohio Shale
 Catskill Group
 Duncannon MemberSherman Creek MemberIrish Valley Member
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Knapp ConglomerateMurrysville Sandstone
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Grenville Complex | 
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| Ph | | Pz | | C | | ⁋ | | Moscovian | 
Betsie ShaleGrundy FormationHyden FormationKendrick ShalePikeville Formation
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 | Bashkirian | 
Bee Rock FormationHensley ShaleSewannee FormationWarren Point Formation
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