During most of the Middle Ages (c. 410–1485 AD), the island of Great Britain was divided into multiple kingdoms. By the end of the period two remained: the Kingdom of England, of which Wales was a principality, and the Kingdom of Scotland. The following articles address this period of history in each of the nations of Great Britain:
See also
European Middle Ages by region  | 
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Medieval histories of current political units | Western and Northern Europe |  | 
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 Central, Eastern Europe and Near East |  | 
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Medieval territories | Western and Northern Europe | 
- Frankish Empire
 
- Holy Roman Empire (Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of Italy, Swiss Confederacy)
 
- Papal States
 
- Kingdom of Sicily
 
- Kingdom of Naples
 
- Republic of Venice
 
- Republic of Genoa
 
- Republic of Florence
 
- Duchy of Burgundy (Burgundian Netherlands)
 
- Crown of Castile (Kingdom of Asturias, Kingdom of León, Kingdom of Castile, Kingdom of Galicia)
 
- Crown of Aragon (Kingdom of Aragon, Principality of Catalonia, Kingdom of Valencia, Kingdom of Majorca)
 
- Kingdom of Navarre
 
- Portugal (County and Kingdom of Portugal)
 
- Kingdom of England
 
- Kingdom of Scotland
 
- Lordship of Ireland
 
- al-Andalus (Caliphate of Córdoba, Taifa,  Almoravids, Almohads, Emirate of Granada)
 
- Hereditary Kingdom of Norway
  
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 Central, Eastern Europe and Near East | 
- Byzantine Empire
 
- Bulgarian Empire
 
- Croatia (Dalmatia, Pannonia, Kingdom of Croatia)
 
- Crusader states (Cyprus, Tripoli, Antioch, Edessa, Jerusalem)
 
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (Banate of Bosnia, Kingdom of Bosnia)
 
- Ukraine (Kievan Rus', Kingdom of Rus', Principality of Chernigov)
 
- Russia (Rus' Khaganate, Novgorod Republic, Ryazan, Moscow)
 
- Serbia (Principality, Grand Principality, Kingdom, Empire, Lordship, Despotate)
  
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