List of wars involving the Republic of China

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of China.

Wars involving the Republic of China

ROC military victory

ROC military defeat

Indecisive or unclear outcome

Ongoing conflict

War	Republic of China and allies	Opponents	Result
Xinhai Revolution (1911–1912)	Revolutionaries Tongmenghui Provincial governments	Monarchists Imperial Armed Forces Beiyang Army Separatists Bogd Khanate Tibet Tuva	Revolutionary victory Abdication of the Xuantong Emperor Puyi Fall of the Qing dynasty End of Imperial China Establishment of the Republic of China Destabilization of China De facto independence of Outer Mongolia and Tibet (until 1951)
National Protection War (1915–1916)	Republic of China Yunnan clique Guizhou clique Old Guangxi clique	Empire of China	Republican victory Abdication of Yuan Shikai Fall of the Empire of China Start of the Warlord Era
Manchu Restoration (1917)	Republic of China Fengtian clique Anhui clique Zhili clique	Restored Qing Imperial Government Dingwu Army Royalist Party (limited involvement)	Republic of China victory General Zhang Xun's army seized Beijing Briefly reinstallation of the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, Puyi, to the throne Restoration quickly reversed by Republican troops
World War I (1917–1918)	Allied Powers: France United Kingdom and Empire: Australia Canada Ceylon Egypt Newfoundland New Zealand India South Africa Russia^[a] Italy (from 1915) United States (from 1917) Japan China and others ...	Central Powers: Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria (from 1915) and others ...	Allied Powers victory Partition of the Ottoman Empire, dissolution of Austria-Hungary, transfer of German colonies and territories to other countries Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East, such as Poland, Yugoslavia, Weimar Germany, Soviet Russia and Soviet Union, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Turkey, Hejaz, and Yemen M
Occupation of Mongolia (1919–1921)	China	Bogd Khanate of Mongolia Buryat-Mongolia White Movement	Withdrawal Mongolia occupied by China until 1921 when the Mongolian Revolution of 1921 occurred
Northern Expedition (1926–1928)	Beiyang government National Pacification Army Fengtian clique Zhili clique Japan^[1]	Nationalist government United Front (until April 1927) National Revolutionary Army Kuomintang Chinese Communist Party (until 1927) Allied warlord armies (Guominjun, Guangxi, Shanxi army, others)^[2] Soviet Union^[3] Communist International^[4]	NRA victory Nationalist government rules over the entirety of China Overthrow of the Beiyang government End of the Warlord Era Nanjing–Wuhan split Beginning of the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War (first phase) (1927–1936)	Republic of China Kuomintang Republic of China Armed Forces	Chinese Soviet Republic (from 1931) Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1934) Chinese Communist Party Chinese Red Army	Ceasefire Fighting suspended due to the war with Japan and World War II KMT and CCP form the Second United Front in 1937
Sino-Soviet Conflict (1929)	Republic of China White movement of Russia^[5]	Soviet Union	Soviet victory Provisions of 1924 agreement upheld; Khabarovsk Protocol signed The Soviet/Russian military occupation over entire Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island until 2004
Sino-Tibetan War (1930–1932)	China	Tibet	Chinese victory Tibetan invasion repulsed Eastern Xikang falls under Chinese control
Japanese Invasion of Manchuria (1931–1932)	China	Japan Manchukuo (from 1932) Chinese collaborators	Japanese victory Tanggu Truce Manchuria seized by the Kwantung Army Establishment of Manchukuo as a Japanese puppet state
Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang (1934)	China	Soviet Union Xinjiang clique White Russian forces Torgut Mongols	Ceasefire Xinjiang divided in two Sheng Shicai fails to take over all of Xinjiang
Islamic Rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)	Republic of China Muslim Turkic rebels	Xinjiang clique Soviet Union	Provincial government victory Sheng Shicai's pro-Soviet regime establishes its rule over the whole territory of Xinjiang province.
Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)	China	Japan	Victory Merged into World War II Chinese victory as part of the Allied victory in the Pacific War Surrender of all Japanese forces in mainland China (excluding Manchuria), Formosa and French Indochina north of 16° north to China China becomes a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council Resumption of the Chinese Civil War
World War II (1939–1945)	United States Soviet Union United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Philippines British Malaya	Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovakia Croatia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang	Victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War
Chinese Civil War (second phase) (1945–1949)	Republic of China Kuomintang Republic of China Armed Forces	Yan'an Soviet People's Republic of China (1949) Chinese Communist Party People's Liberation Army	Communist victory Communist control of mainland China Proclamation of the People's Republic of China Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan

Notes

^ The Russian Empire during 1914–1917, the Russian Republic during 1917. The Bolshevik government signed a separate peace with the Central Powers shortly after their armed seizure of power, resulting in a Central Powers victory on the Eastern Front of the war, and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic's defeat. However, this peace treaty was nullified by an Allied Powers victory on the Western Front, and the end of the war.

References

^ Gao 2009, p. 115.
^ Jowett 2017, p. 8.
^ Fenby 2004, pp. 117, 119–123.
^ Kotkin 2014, pp. 626–629.
^ Bisher (2005), p. 298.

[1] The Russian Empire during 1914–1917, the Russian Republic during 1917. The Bolshevik government signed a separate peace with the Central Powers shortly after their armed seizure of power, resulting in a Central Powers victory on the Eastern Front of the war, and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic's defeat. However, this peace treaty was nullified by an Allied Powers victory on the Western Front, and the end of the war.

[FOOTNOTEGao2009115-2] Gao 2009, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTEJowett20178-3] Jowett 2017, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTEFenby2004117,_119–123-4] Fenby 2004, pp. 117, 119–123.

[FOOTNOTEKotkin2014626–629-5] Kotkin 2014, pp. 626–629.

[FOOTNOTEBisher2005298-6] Bisher (2005), p. 298.

[a]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Lists of wars involving Asian countries
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States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Northern Cyprus Palestine South Ossetia Taiwan
Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau
Category Asia portal

Wars involving the Republic of China

See also

Notes

References