List of sovereign states in the 1850s
This is a list of sovereign states in the 1850s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1850 and 31 December 1859. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.
Sovereign states
A
| Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty |
|---|---|
|
| |
A | |
|
| |
 Abemama – Kingdom of Abemama[1] Capital: Abemama |
Widely recognized state. |
|
| |
| Abuja – Abuja Emirate Capital: Abuja |
Widely recognized state. |
|
| |
.svg.png){kind=small} Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan[2] (from 1855)Capital: Kabul |
Widely recognized independent state from 1855. |
|
| |
| Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[3] Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized state. |
|
| |
.svg.png){kind=small} Andorra – Principality of Andorra[4]Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain. |
|
| |
| Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[5] Capital: Angoche |
Widely recognized independent state. |
|
| |
 Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg Capital: Bernburg |
Widely recognized independent state. Member of the German Confederation. |
|
| |
 Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
|
Widely recognized independent state. Member of the German Confederation. |
|
| |
| Anhalt-Köthen – Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen (to 22 May 1853) Capital: Köthen |
Widely recognized independent state to 22 May 1853. Member of the German Confederation. Merged to Anhalt-Dessau on 22 May 1853. |
|
| |
 Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole[6] Capital: Mbarara |
Widely recognized state. |
|
| |
| Annam – Empire of Annam Capital: Phú Xuân |
Widely recognized state. Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary. |
|
| |
| Anziku – Anziku Kingdom Capital: Monsol |
Widely recognized state. |
|
| |
Argentina – Argentine Confederation
Capital: Paraná, Entre Ríos (from 1853)
Aro – Aro Confederacy
Capital: Arochukwu
Ashanti – Asante Union
Capital: Kumasi- Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
Capital: Asaita 
Austria – Austrian Empire
Capital: Vienna
B
Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
Capital: Karlsruhe- Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
Capital: Massenya - Bamana – Bambara Empire
Capital: Ségou - Baol – Kingdom of Baol
Capital: Diourbel 
Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland- Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
- Baté Empire – Baté Empire
Capital: Kankan .svg.png)
Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
Capital: Munich
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
Capital: Brussels
Benin – Benin Empire
Capital: Benin City- Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
Capital: Thimphu 
Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia
Capital: Prague.svg.png)
→ 
Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
Capital: La Paz
Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
Capital: Vaitape
Bornu – Bornu Empire
Capital: Ngazargamu.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Brazil – Empire of Brazil
Capital: Rio de Janeiro
Bremen – Free City of Bremen
British India - Indian Empire
Capital: Calcutta
Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara- Bundu - State of Bundu to 1858
Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara.svg.png)
Burma – Kingdom of Burma- Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi
C
.svg.png)
Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia- Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
.svg.png)
Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (from December 8, 1859).svg.png)
→ 
Chile – Republic of Chile- China – Great Qing Empire
Cook Islands → Rarotonga
.svg.png)
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
Couto Misto.svg.png)
Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (In Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary)
D
- Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
- Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
- Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic
E
.svg.png)
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
El Salvador – El Salvador
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
F
- Fiji – Tui Viti
- Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland
France
- French Republic (to December 2, 1852)
- French Empire (from December 2, 1852)
Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt- Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
- Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro
G
Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom- Garo – Kingdom of Garo
- Gaza – Gaza Empire
- Gera – Kingdom of Gera
- Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (from May 22, 1858).svg.png)
Greece – Kingdom of Greece.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala- Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
- Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman
H
Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Haiti
- Empire of Haiti (to January 15, 1859)
- Republic of Haiti (from January 15, 1859)
Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover.svg.png)
Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to April 8, 1850)- Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to April 6, 1850)
Holstein – Duchy of Holstein.svg.png)
Honduras – Republic of Honduras
Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine.svg.png)
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary- Huraa – Huraa dynasty
Hyderabad State (princely state of British India)
J
- Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
- Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
- Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
Johor – Johor Sultanate- Jolof – Jolof Kingdom
K
- Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
- Kabul – Emirate of Kabul (to 1855)
- Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (from 1858)
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut- Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
- Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
Kokand – Khanate of Kokand- Kong – Kong Empire
Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
→ .png)
Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon- Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya
L
Liberia – Republic of Liberia.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
Limburg – Duchy of Limburg- Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt- Loango – Kingdom of Loango
Lombardy–Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia- Luba – Luba Empire
Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck- Lunda – Lunda Empire
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
M
- Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva- Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
Maryland – State of Maryland in Africa[7] (from 29 May 1854 to 18 March 1857)- Massina – Massina Empire
- Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin- Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
.svg.png)
Mexico – Republic of Mexico- Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia.svg.png)
Monaco – Principality of Monaco.svg.png)
→ 
Montenegro
- Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (to March 13, 1852)
- Principality of Montenegro (from March 13, 1852)
.svg.png)
Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (from 1856)
N
.svg.png)
Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
Nejd – Emirate of Nejd.svg.png)
Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands- New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858)
- →
.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Norway → Sweden and Norway
- Nri – Kingdom of Nri
O
Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State (from February 17, 1854).svg.png)
Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State- Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P
Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang.svg.png)
Papal States – States of the Church.svg.png)
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
Parma – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (to December 8, 1859)
Perak – Sultanate of Perak
Persia – Sublime State of Persia.svg.png)
Peru – Peruvian Republic.svg.png)
Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal.svg.png)
Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia
Q
Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut
R
Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea- Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (from 1858)
Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Russia – Russian Empire- Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū
S
- Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
.svg.png)
San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino.svg.png)
Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak.svg.png)
Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia.svg.png)
Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg.svg.png)
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha- Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
.svg.png)
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.svg.png)
Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony- Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
Serbia – Principality of Serbia
Siak Sri Indrapura – Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (to 1858).svg.png)
Siam – Kingdom of Siam- Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
South African Republic → Transvaal
.svg.png){kind=small}
Sweden → Sweden and Norway
.svg.png)
Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway.svg.png)
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
T
Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti- Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
Toro – Toro Kingdom- Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
Transvaal – South African Republic (from June 27, 1856).gif)
Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany.svg.png)
Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
U
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
United States – United States of America
United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
V
.svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
→ .svg.png)
Venezuela
- State of Venezuela (to 1856)
- Republic of Venezuela (from 1856)
W
.svg.png)
Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg
Y
Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (from 1856)
Z
- Zululand – Kingdom of Zululand
Non-sovereign territories
Oldenburg
- Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.
United Kingdom
.svg.png)
Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope
States claiming sovereignty
Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh- Germany – German Empire (to November 29, 1850)
- Goust – Republic of Goust
State of Buenos Aires (from September 11, 1852)- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (from January 11, 1851)
Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
References
- ^ Roberts, R. G. (1953). "The Dynasty of Abemama". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 62 (3): 267–277. ISSN 0032-4000. JSTOR 20703382.
- ^ Lee, Jonathan (2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 188. ISBN 9781789140101.
- ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ^ "Andorra". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. November 3, 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ official name in quotes near bottom of page "About Maryland". Archived from the original on 2010-01-11. Retrieved 2010-01-29.