List of physicists
Following is a list of physicists who are notable for their achievements.
A
- Jules Aarons – United States (1921–2016)
 - Ernst Karl Abbe – Germany (1840–1905)
 - Derek Abbott – Australia (born 1960)
 - Hasan Abdullayev – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Soviet Union, Azerbaijan (1918–1993)
 - Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov – Soviet Union, Russia (1928–2017) Nobel laureate
 - Robert Adler – United States (1913–2007)
 - Stephen L. Adler – United States (born 1939)
 - Franz Aepinus – Rostock (1724–1802)
 - Mina Aganagic – Albania, United States
 - David Z Albert – United States (born 1954)
 - Felicie Albert – France, United States
 - Miguel Alcubierre – Mexico (born 1964)
 - Zhores Ivanovich Alferov – Soviet Union, Russia (1930–2019) Nobel laureate
 - Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén – Sweden (1908–1995) Nobel laureate
 - Alhazen – Basra, Iraq (965–1040)
 - Artem Alikhanian – Soviet Union, Armenia (1908–1978)
 - Abram Alikhanov – Soviet Union, Russia (1904–1970)
 - John E. Allen – United Kingdom (born 1928)
 - William Allis – United States (1901–1999)
 - Samuel King Allison – United States (1900–1965)
 - Yakov Lvovich Alpert – Soviet Union, Russia, United States (1911–2010)
 - Ralph Asher Alpher – United States (1921–2007)
 - Semen Altshuler – Soviet Union (1911–1983)
 - Luis Walter Alvarez – United States (1911–1988) Nobel laureate
 - Viktor Ambartsumian – Soviet Union, Armenia (1908–1996)
 - André-Marie Ampère – France (1775–1836)
 - Anja Cetti Andersen – Denmark (born 1965)
 - Hans Henrik Andersen – Denmark (1937–2012)
 - Philip Warren Anderson – United States (1923–2020) Nobel laureate
 - Carl David Anderson – United States (1905–1991) Nobel laureate
 - Herbert L. Anderson – United States (1914–1988)
 - Elephter Andronikashvili – Soviet Union, Georgia (1910–1989)
 - Anders Jonas Ångström – Sweden (1814–1874)
 - Alexander Animalu, Nigeria (born 1938)
 - Edward Victor Appleton – United Kingdom (1892–1965) Nobel laureate
 - François Arago – France (1786–1853)
 - Archimedes – Syracuse, Greece (ca. 287–212 BC)
 - Manfred von Ardenne – Germany (1907–1997)
 - Aristarchus of Samos – Samos, Greece (310–ca. 230 BC)
 - Aristotle – Athens, Greece (384–322 BC)
 - Nima Arkani-Hamed – United States (born 1972)
 - Lev Artsimovich – Soviet Union (1909–1973)
 - Aryabhata – Pataliputra, India (476–550)
 - Neil Ashby – United States (born 1934)
 - Maha Ashour-Abdalla – Egypt, United States (1943–2016)
 - Gurgen Askaryan – Soviet Union (1928–1997)
 - Alain Aspect – France (born 1947)
 - Marcel Audiffren – France
 - Pierre Victor Auger – France (1899–1993)
 - Avicenna – Persia (980–1037)
 - Amedeo Avogadro – Italy (1776–1856)
 - David Awschalom – United States (born 1956)
 - APJ Abdul Kalam – India
 
B

- Abu sahl Al-Quhi – İran (born 940)
 - Xiaoyi Bao – Canada
 - Mani Lal Bhaumik – United States (born 1931)
 - Tom Baehr-Jones – United States (born 1980)
 - John Norris Bahcall – United States (1934–2005)
 - Gilbert Ronald Bainbridge – U.K. (1925–2003)
 - Cornelis Bakker – Netherlands (1904–1960)
 - Aiyalam Parameswaran Balachandran – India (born 1938)
 - V Balakrishnan – India (born 1943)
 - Milla Baldo-Ceolin – Italy (1924–2011)
 - Johann Jakob Balmer – Switzerland (1825–1898)
 - Tom Banks – United States (born 1949)
 - Riccardo Barbieri – Italy (born 1944)
 - Marcia Barbosa – Brazil (born 1960)
 - John Bardeen – United States (1908–1991) double Nobel laureate
 - William A. Bardeen – United States (born 1941)
 - Ronald Hugh Barker – Ireland (1915–2015)
 - Charles Glover Barkla – U.K. (1877–1944) Nobel laureate
 - Amanda Barnard – Australia (born 1971)
 - Boyd Bartlett – United States (1897–1965)
 - Asım Orhan Barut – Malatya, Turkey (1926–1994)
 - Heinz Barwich – Germany (1911–1966)
 - Nikolay Basov – Soviet Union, Russia (1922–2001) Nobel laureate
 - Laura Maria Caterina Bassi – Italy (1711–1778)
 - Zoltán Lajos Bay – Hungary (1900–1992)
 - Karl Bechert – Germany (1901–1981)
 - Henri Becquerel – France (1852–1908) Nobel laureate
 - Johannes Georg Bednorz – Germany (born 1950) Nobel laureate
 - Isaac Beeckman – Netherlands (1588–1637)
 - Jacob Bekenstein – Israel (1947–2015)
 - Alexander Graham Bell – Scotland, Canada, U.S.A. (1847–1922)
 - John Stewart Bell – U.K. (1928–1990)
 - Jocelyn Bell Burnell – Northern Ireland, U.K. (born 1943)
 - Carl M. Bender – United States (born 1943)
 - Abraham Bennet – England (1749–1799)
 - Daniel Bernoulli – Switzerland (1700–1782)
 - Hans Bethe – Germany, United States (1906–2005) Nobel laureate
 - Homi J. Bhabha – India (1909–1966)
 - Lars Bildsten – United States (1964)
 - James Binney – England (born 1950)
 - Gerd Binnig – Germany (born 1947) Nobel laureate
 - Jean-Baptiste Biot – France (1774–1862)
 - Raymond T. Birge – United States (1887–1980)
 - Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī – Persia (973–1048)
 - Vilhelm Bjerknes – Norway (1862–1951)
 - James Bjorken – United States (1934–2024)
 - Patrick Blackett – U.K. (1897–1974) Nobel laureate
 - Felix Bloch – Switzerland (1905–1983) Nobel laureate
 - Nicolaas Bloembergen – Netherlands, United States (1920–2017) Nobel laureate
 - Walter Boas – Germany, Australia (1904–1982)
 - Céline Bœhm – France (born 1974)
 - Nikolay Bogolyubov – Soviet Union, Russia (1909–1992)
 - David Bohm – United States (1917–1992)
 - Aage Bohr – Denmark (1922–2009) Nobel laureate
 - Niels Bohr – Denmark (1885–1962) Nobel laureate
 - Martin Bojowald – Germany (born 1973)
 - Ludwig Boltzmann – Austria (1844–1906)
 - Eugene T. Booth – United States (1912–2004)
 - Max Born – Germany, U.K. (1882–1970) Nobel laureate
 - Rudjer Josip Boscovich – Croatia (1711–1787)
 - Jagadish Chandra Bose – India (1858–1937)
 - Margrete Heiberg Bose – Denmark (1866–1952)
 - Satyendra Nath Bose – India (1894–1974)
 - Johannes Bosscha – Netherlands (1831–1911)
 - Walther Bothe – Germany (1891–1957) Nobel laureate
 - Edward Bouchet – United States (1852–1918)
 - Mustapha Ishak Boushaki – Algeria (1967–)
 - Mark Bowick – United States (born 1957)
 - Robert Boyle – Ireland, England (1627–1691)
 - Willard S. Boyle – Canada, United States (1924–2011) Nobel laureate
 - William Henry Bragg – U.K. (1862–1942) Nobel laureate
 - William Lawrence Bragg – U.K., Australia (1890–1971) Nobel laureate
 - Tycho Brahe – Denmark (1546–1601)
 - Howard Brandt – United States (1939–2014)
 - Walter Houser Brattain – United States (1902–1987) Nobel laureate
 - Karl Ferdinand Braun – Germany (1850–1918) Nobel laureate
 - David Brewster – U.K. (1781–1868)
 - Percy Williams Bridgman – United States (1882–1961) Nobel laureate
 - Léon Nicolas Brillouin – France (1889–1969)
 - Marcel Brillouin – France (1854–1948)
 - Bertram Brockhouse – Canada (1918–2003) Nobel laureate
 - Louis-Victor de Broglie – France (1892–1987) Nobel laureate
 - William Fuller Brown, Jr. – United States (1904–1983)
 - Ernst Brüche – Germany (1900–1985)
 - Hermann Brück – Germany (1905–2000)
 - Ari Brynjolfsson – Iceland (1927–2013)
 - Hans Buchdahl – Germany, Australia (1918–2010)
 - Gersh Budker – Soviet Union (1918–1977)
 - Silke Bühler-Paschen – Austria (born 1967)
 - Johannes Martinus Burgers – Netherlands (1895–1981)
 - Friedrich Burmeister – Germany (1890–1969)
 - Bimla Buti – India (1933-2024)
 - Christophorus Buys Ballot – Netherlands (1817–1890)
 
C
- Nicola Cabibbo – Italy (1935–2010)
 - Nicolás Cabrera – Spain (1913–1989)
 - Orion Ciftja – United States
 - Curtis Callan – United States (born 1942)
 - Annie Jump Cannon – United States (1863–1941)
 - Fritjof Capra – Austria, United States (born 1939)
 - Marcela Carena – Argentina (born 1962)
 - Ricardo Carezani – Argentina, United States (1921–2016)
 - Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot – France (1796–1832)
 - David Carroll – United States (born 1963)
 - Brandon Carter – Australia (born 1942)
 - Hendrik Casimir – Netherlands (1909–2000)
 - Henry Cavendish – U.K. (1731–1810)
 - James Chadwick – U.K. (1891–1974) Nobel laureate
 - Owen Chamberlain – United States (1920–2006) Nobel laureate
 - Moses H. W. Chan – Hong Kong (born 1946)
 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – India, United States (1910–1995) Nobel laureate
 - Tsao Chang - Chinese (born 1942)
 - Georges Charpak – France (1924–2010) Nobel laureate
 - Émilie du Châtelet – France (1706–1749)
 - Swapan Chattopadhyay – India (born 1951)
 - Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov – Imperial Russia, Soviet Union (1904–1990) Nobel laureate
 - Maxim Chernodub – Soviet Union, Russia, France (born 1973)
 - Geoffrey Chew – United States (1924–2019)
 - Boris Chirikov – Soviet Union, Russia (1928–2008)
 - Juansher Chkareuli – Soviet Union, Georgia (born 1940)
 - Ernst Chladni – Germany (1756–1827)
 - Nicholas Christofilos – Greece (1916–1972)
 - Steven Chu – United States (born 1948) Nobel laureate
 - Giovanni Ciccotti – Italy (born 1943)
 - Benoît Clapeyron – France (1799–1864)
 - George W. Clark – United States
 - John Clauser – United States (born 1942) Nobel laureate
 - Rudolf Clausius – Germany (1822–1888)
 - Richard Clegg – U.K.
 - Gari Clifford – British-American physicist, biomedical engineer, academic, researcher
 - John Cockcroft – U.K. (1897–1967) Nobel laureate
 - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji – France (born 1933) Nobel laureate
 - Arthur Compton – United States (1892–1962) Nobel laureate
 - Karl Compton – United States (1887–1954)
 - Edward Condon – United States (1902–1974)
 - Leon Cooper – United States (1930–2024) Nobel laureate
 - Nicolaus Copernicus – Poland (1473 – 1543)
 - Alejandro Corichi – Mexico (born 1967)
 - Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis – France (1792–1843)
 - Allan McLeod Cormack – South Africa, United States (1924–1998)
 - Eric Allin Cornell – United States (born 1961) Nobel laureate
 - Marie Alfred Cornu – France (1841–1902)
 - Charles-Augustin de Coulomb – France (1736–1806)
 - Ernest Courant – United States (1920–2020)
 - Brian Cox – U.K. (born 1968)
 - Thomas E. Cravens - United States, cometary x-rays
 - Charles Critchfield – United States (1910–1994)
 - James Cronin – United States (1931–2016) Nobel laureate
 - Sir William Crookes – U.K. (1832–1919)
 - Paul Crowell – United States
 - Marie Curie – Russian Empire, France (1867–1934) twice Nobel laureate
 - Pierre Curie – France (1859–1906) Nobel laureate
 - Predrag Cvitanović – Croatia (born 1946)
 
D
- Jean le Rond d'Alembert – France (1717–1783)
 - Gustaf Dalén – Sweden (1869–1937) Nobel laureate
 - Jean Dalibard – France (born 1958)
 - Richard Dalitz – U.K., United States (1925–2006)
 - John Dalton – U.K. (1766–1844)
 - Sanja Damjanović – Yugoslavia, Montenegro (born 1972)
 - Ranjan Roy Daniel – India (1923–2005)
 - Charles Galton Darwin – U.K. (1887–1962)
 - Ashok Das – India, United States (born 1953)
 - James C. Davenport – United States (born 1938)
 - Paul Davies – Australia (born 1946)
 - Raymond Davis, Jr. – United States (1914–2006) Nobel laureate
 - Clinton Davisson – United States (1881–1958) Nobel laureate
 - Peter Debije – Netherlands (1884–1966)
 - Hans Georg Dehmelt – Germany, United States (1922–2017) Nobel laureate
 - Max Delbrück – Germany, United States (1906–1981)
 - Democritus – Abdera (ca. 460–360 BC)
 - David M. Dennison – United States (1900–1976)
 - Beryl May Dent – U.K. (1900–1977)
 - David Deutsch – Israel, U.K. (born 1953)
 - René Descartes – France (1596–1650)
 - James Dewar – U.K. (1842–1923)
 - Scott Diddams – United States
 - Ulrike Diebold – Austria (born 1961)
 - Robbert Dijkgraaf – Netherlands (born 1960)
 - Viktor Dilman – Soviet Union, Russia (born 1926)
 - Savas Dimopoulos – United States (born 1952)
 - Paul Dirac – Switzerland, U.K. (1902–1984) Nobel laureate
 - Revaz Dogonadze – Soviet Union, Georgia (1931–1985)
 - Louise Dolan – United States (born 1950)
 - Amos Dolbear – United States (1837–1910)
 - Robert Döpel – Germany (1895–1982)
 - Christian Doppler – Austria (1803–1853)
 - Henk Dorgelo – Netherlands (1894–1961)
 - Friedrich Ernst Dorn – Germany (1848–1916)
 - Geneva Smith Douglas – United States (1932–1993)
 - Michael R. Douglas – United States (born 1961)
 - Jonathan Dowling – United States (1955–2020)
 - Claudia Draxl – Germany (born 1959)
 - Sidney Drell – United States (1926–2016)
 - Mildred Dresselhaus – United States (1930–2017)
 - Paul Drude – Germany (1863–1906)
 - F. J. Duarte – United States (born 1954)
 - Émilie du Châtelet – France (1706–1749)
 - Pierre Louis Dulong – France (1785–1838)
 - Janette Dunlop – Scotland (1891–1971)
 - Samuel T. Durrance – United States (born 1943)
 - Freeman Dyson – U.K., United States (1923–2020) Wolf laureate
 - Arthur Jeffrey Dempster – Canada (1886–1950)
 
E
- Joseph H. Eberly – United States (1935–2025)
 - William Eccles – U.K. (1875–1966)
 - Carl Eckart – United States (1902–1973)
 - Arthur Stanley Eddington – U.K. (1882–1944)
 - Thomas Edison – U.S. Invented the lightbulb.
 - Paul Ehrenfest – Austria-Hungary, Netherlands (1880–1933)
 - Felix Ehrenhaft – Austria-Hungary, United States (1879–1952)
 - Manfred Eigen – Germany (1927–2019)
 - Albert Einstein – Germany, Italy, Switzerland, United States (1879–1955) Nobel laureate
 - Laura Eisenstein – (1942–1985) professor of physics at University of Illinois
 - Terence James Elkins – Australia, United States (born 1936)
 - John Ellis – U.K. (born 1946)
 - Paul John Ellis – U.K., United States (1941–2005)
 - Richard Keith Ellis – U.K., United States (born 1949)
 - Arpad Elo – Hungary (1903–1992)
 - François Englert – Belgium (born 1932) Nobel laureate
 - David Enskog – Sweden (1884–1947)
 - Loránd Eötvös – Austria-Hungary (1848–1919)
 - Frederick J. Ernst – United States (born 1933)
 - Leo Esaki – Japan (born 1925) Nobel laureate
 - Ernest Esclangon – France (1876–1954)
 - Louis Essen – U.K. (1908–1997)
 - Leonhard Euler – Switzerland (1707–1783)
 - Denis Evans – Australia (born 1951)
 - Paul Peter Ewald – Germany, United States (1888–1985)
 - James Alfred Ewing – U.K. (1855–1935)
 - Franz S. Exner – Austria (1849–1926)
 
F
- Ludvig Faddeev – Soviet Union, Russia (1934–2017)
 - Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit – Prussia (1686–1736)
 - Kazimierz Fajans – Russian Empire, Poland, United States (1887–1975)
 - James E. Faller – United States
 - Michael Faraday – U.K. (1791–1867)
 - Eugene Feenberg – United States (1906–1977)
 - Mitchell Feigenbaum – United States (1944–2019)
 - Gerald Feinberg – United States (1933–1992)
 - Enrico Fermi – Italy (1901–1954) Nobel laureate
 - Albert Fert – France (born 1938) Nobel laureate
 - Herman Feshbach – United States (1917–2000)
 - Richard Feynman – United States (1918–1988) Nobel laureate
 - Wolfgang Finkelnburg – Germany (1905–1967)
 - David Finkelstein – United States (1929–2016)
 - Johannes Fischer – Germany (born 1887)
 - Willy Fischler – Belgium (born 1949)
 - Val Logsdon Fitch – United States (1923–2015) Nobel laureate
 - George Francis FitzGerald – Ireland (1851–1901)
 - Hippolyte Fizeau – France (1819–1896)
 - Georgy Flyorov – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1913–1990)
 - Vladimir Fock – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1898–1974)
 - Adriaan Fokker – Netherlands (1887–1972)
 - Arthur Foley – America (1867–1945)
 - James David Forbes – U.K. (1809–1868)
 - Jeff Forshaw – U.K. (born 1968)
 - Léon Foucault – France (1819–1868)
 - Joseph Fourier – France (1768–1830)
 - Ralph H. Fowler – U.K. (1889–1944)
 - William Alfred Fowler – United States (1911–1995) Nobel laureate
 - James Franck – Germany, United States (1882–1964) Nobel laureate
 - Ilya Frank – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1908–1990) Nobel laureate
 - Benjamin Franklin – British America, United States (1706–1790)
 - Rosalind Franklin – U.K. (1920–1958)
 - Walter Franz – Germany (1911–1992)
 - Joseph von Fraunhofer – Germany (1787–1826)
 - Steven Frautschi – United States (born 1933)
 - Joan Maie Freeman – Australia (1918–1998)
 - Phyllis S. Freier – United States (1921–1992))
 - Yakov Frenkel – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1894–1952)
 - Augustin-Jean Fresnel – France (1788–1827)
 - Peter Freund – United States (1936–2018)
 - Daniel Friedan – United States (born 1948)
 - B. Roy Frieden – United States (born 1936)
 - Alexander Friedman – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1888–1925)
 - Jerome Isaac Friedman – United States (born 1930) Nobel laureate
 - Otto Frisch – Austria, U.K. (1904–1979)
 - Erwin Fues – Germany (1893–1970)
 - Harald Fuchs – Germany (born 1951)
 
G

- Dennis Gabor – Hungary (1900–1979) Nobel laureate
 - Mary K. Gaillard – France, United States (1939–2025)
 - Galileo Galilei – Italy (1564–1642)
 - Luigi Galvani – Italy (1737–1798)
 - George Gamow – Russian Empire, Soviet Union, United States (1904–1968)
 - Domenica Garzón – Ecuador (living)
 - Sylvester James Gates – United States (born 1950)
 - Carl Friedrich Gauss – Germany (1777–1855)
 - Pamela L. Gay – United States (born 1973)
 - Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac – France (1778–1850)
 - Hans Geiger – Germany (1882–1945)
 - Andre Geim – Soviet Union, Russia, Netherlands, U.K. (born 1958) Nobel laureate
 - Murray Gell-Mann – United States (1929–2019) Nobel laureate
 - Pierre-Gilles de Gennes – France (1932–2007) Nobel laureate
 - Howard Georgi – United States (born 1947)
 - Walter Gerlach – Germany (1889–1979)
 - Christian Gerthsen – Denmark, Germany (1894–1956)
 - Ezra Getzler – Australia (born 1962)
 - Andrea M. Ghez – United States (born 1955) Nobel laureate
 - Riccardo Giacconi – Italy, United States (1931–2018) Nobel laureate
 - Ivar Giaever – Norway, United States (1929–2025) Nobel laureate
 - Josiah Willard Gibbs – United States (1839–1903)
 - Valerie Gibson – U.K. (born 19??)
 - William Gilbert – England (1544–1603)
 - Mar Gómez – Spain (1985)
 - Piara Singh Gill – India (1911–2002)
 - Naomi Ginsberg – United States (born 1979)
 - Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg – Soviet Union, Russia (1916–2009) Nobel laureate
 - Marvin D. Girardeau – United States (1930–2015)
 - Marissa Giustina – United States (born 19??)
 - Donald Arthur Glaser – United States (1926–2013) Nobel laureate
 - Sheldon Glashow – United States (born 1932) Nobel laureate
 - G. N. Glasoe – United States (1902–1987)
 - Roy Jay Glauber – United States (1925–2018) Nobel laureate
 - James Glimm – United States (born 1934)
 - Karl Glitscher – Germany (1886–1945)
 - Peter Goddard – U.K. (born 1945)
 - Maria Goeppert-Mayer – Germany, United States (1906–1972) Nobel laureate
 - Gerald Goertzel – United States (1920–2002)
 - Marvin Leonard Goldberger – United States (1922–2014)
 - Maurice Goldhaber – Austria, United States (1911–2011)
 - Jeffrey Goldstone – U.K., United States (born 1933)
 - Sixto González – Puerto Rico, United States (born 1965)
 - Ravi Gomatam – India (born 1950)
 - Lev Gor'kov – United States (1929–2016)
 - Samuel Goudsmit – Netherlands, United States (1902–1978)
 - Leo Graetz – Germany (1856–1941)
 - Willem 's Gravesande – Netherlands (1688–1742)
 - Michael Green (physicist) – Britain (born 1946)
 - Daniel Greenberger – United States (born 1932)
 - Brian Greene – United States (born 1963)
 - John Gribbin – U.K. (born 1946)
 - Vladimir Gribov – Soviet Union, Russia (1930–1997)
 - David J. Griffiths – United States (born 1942)
 - David Gross – United States (born 1941) Nobel laureate
 - Frederick Grover – United States (1876–1973)
 - Peter Grünberg – Germany (1939–2018) Nobel laureate
 - Charles Édouard Guillaume – Switzerland (1861–1931) Nobel laureate
 - Ayyub Guliyev – Soviet Union, Azerbaijan (born 1954)
 - Feza Gürsey – Turkey (1921–1992)
 - Hanoch Gutfreund – Israel (born 1935)
 - Alan Guth – United States (born 1947)
 - Martin Gutzwiller – Switzerland (1925–2014)
 
H
- Rudolf Haag – Germany (1922–2016)
 - Wander Johannes de Haas – Netherlands (1878–1960)
 - Alain Haché – Canada (born 1970)
 - Carl Richard Hagen – United States (born 1937)
 - Otto Hahn – Germany (1879–1968)
 - Edwin Hall – United States (1855–1938)
 - John Lewis Hall – United States (born 1934) Nobel laureate
 - Alexander Hamilton – U.K., Australia (born 1967)
 - William Rowan Hamilton – Ireland (1805–1865)
 - Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch – Germany (born 1941) Nobel laureate
 - Peter Andreas Hansen – Denmark (1795–1874)
 - W.W. Hansen – United States (1909–1949)
 - Serge Haroche – France (born 1944) Nobel laureate
 - Paul Harteck – Germany (1902–1985)
 - John G. Hartnett – Australia (born 1952)
 - Douglas Hartree – U.K. (1897–1958)
 - Friedrich Hasenöhrl – Austria, Hungary (1874–1915)
 - Lene Vestergaard Hau – Vejle, Denmark (born 1959)
 - Stephen Hawking – U.K. (1942–2018) Wolf laureate
 - Ibn al-Haytham – Iraq (965–1039)
 - Evans Hayward – United States (1922–2020)
 - Oliver Heaviside – U.K. (1850–1925)
 - Werner Heisenberg – Germany (1901–1976) Nobel laureate
 - Walter Heitler – Germany, Ireland (1904–1981)
 - Hermann von Helmholtz – Germany (1821–1894)
 - Charles H. Henry – United States (1937–2016)
 - Joseph Henry – United States (1797–1878)
 - John Herapath – U.K. (1790–1868)
 - Carl Hermann – Germany (1898–1961)
 - Gustav Ludwig Hertz – Germany (1887–1975) Nobel laureate
 - Heinrich Rudolf Hertz – Germany (1857–1894)
 - Karl Herzfeld – Austria, United States (1892–1978)
 - Victor Francis Hess – Austria, United States (1883–1964) Nobel laureate
 - Mahmoud Hessaby – Iran (1903–1992)
 - Antony Hewish – U.K. (1924–2021) Nobel laureate
 - Paul G. Hewitt – United States (born 1931)
 - Peter Higgs – U.K. (1929–2024) Nobel laureate
 - George William Hill – United States (1838–1914)
 - Gustave-Adolphe Hirn – France (1815–1890)
 - Carol Hirschmugl – United States, professor of physics, laboratory director
 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin – England (1910–1994)
 - Robert Hofstadter – United States (1915–1990) Nobel laureate
 - Helmut Hönl – Germany (1903–1981)
 - Pervez Hoodbhoy – Pakistan (born 1950)
 - Gerardus 't Hooft – Netherlands (born 1946) Nobel laureate
 - Robert Hooke – England (1635–1703)
 - John Hopkinson – United Kingdom (1849–1898)
 - Johann Baptiste Horvath – Slovakia (1732–1799)
 - William V. Houston – United States (1900–1968)
 - Charlotte (née Riefenstahl) Houtermans – Germany (1899–1993)
 - Fritz Houtermans – Netherlands, Germany, Austria (1903–1966)
 - Archibald Howie – U.K. (born 1934)
 - Fred Hoyle – U.K. (1915–2001)
 - Veronika Hubeny – United States
 - John Hubbard – U.K. (1931–1980)
 - John H. Hubbell – United States (1925–2007)
 - Edwin Powell Hubble – United States (1889–1953)
 - Russell Alan Hulse – United States (born 1950) Nobel laureate
 - Friedrich Hund – Germany (1896–1997)
 - Tahir Hussain – Pakistan (1923–2010)
 - Andrew D. Huxley – U.K. (born 1966)
 - Christiaan Huygens – Netherlands (1629–1695)
 
I
- Arthur Iberall – United States (1918–2002)
 - Sumio Iijima – Japan (born 1939)
 - John Iliopoulos – Greece (born 1940)
 - Ataç İmamoğlu – Turkey, United States (born 1962)
 - Elmer Imes – United States (1883–1941)
 - Abram Ioffe – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1880–1960)
 - Nathan Isgur – United States, Canada (1947–2001)
 - Ernst Ising – Germany (1900–1998)
 - Jamal Nazrul Islam – Bangladesh (1939–2013)
 - Werner Israel – Canada (born 1931)
 
J
- Roman Jackiw – Poland, United States (1939–2023)
 - Shirley Ann Jackson – United States (born 1946)
 - Boris Jacobi – Germany, Russia (1801–1874)
 - Gregory Jaczko – United States (born 1970)
 - Chennupati Jagadish – India, Australia (born 1957)
 - Jainendra Jain – India (born 1960)
 - Ratko Janev – North Macedonia (1939–2019)
 - Andreas Jaszlinszky – Hungary (1715–1783)
 - Ali Javan – Iran (1928–2016)
 - Edwin Jaynes – United States (1922–1998)
 - Antal István Jákli – Hungary (born 1958)
 - Sir James Jeans – U.K. (1877–1946)
 - Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen – Germany (1907–1973) Nobel laureate
 - Deborah S. Jin – United States (born 1968)
 - Anthony M. Johnson – United States (born 1954)
 - Irène Joliot-Curie – France (1897–1956)
 - Lorella Jones – United States (1943–1995)
 - Pascual Jordan – Germany (1902–1980)
 - Vania Jordanova – United States, physicist, space weather and geomagnetic storms[1]
 - Brian David Josephson – U.K. (born 1940) Nobel laureate
 - James Prescott Joule – U.K. (1818–1889)
 - Adolfas Jucys – Russian Empire, Lithuania, Soviet Union (1904–1974)
 - Chang Kee Jung – South Korea, United States
 
K
- Menas Kafatos – Greece, United States (born 1945)
 - Takaaki Kajita – Japan (born 1959) Nobel laureate
 - Michio Kaku – United States (born 1947)
 - Theodor Kaluza – Germany (1885–1954)
 - Heike Kamerlingh Onnes – Netherlands (1853–1926) Nobel laureate
 - William R. Kanne – United States
 - Charles K. Kao – China, Hong Kong, U.K., United States (1933–2018) Nobel laureate
 - Pyotr Kapitsa – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1894–1984) Nobel laureate
 - Theodore von Kármán – Hungary, United States (1881–1963) aeronautical engineer
 - Alfred Kastler – France (1902–1984) Nobel laureate
 - Amrom Harry Katz – United States (1915–1997)
 - Moshe Kaveh – Israel (born 1943) President of Bar-Ilan University
 - Predhiman Krishan Kaw – India (1948–2017)
 - Heinrich Kayser – Germany (1853–1940)
 - Willem Hendrik Keesom – Netherlands (1876–1956)
 - Edwin C. Kemble – United States (1889–1984)
 - Henry Way Kendall – United States (1926–1999) Nobel laureate
 - Johannes Kepler – Germany (1571–1630)
 - John Kerr – Scotland (1824–1907)
 - Wolfgang Ketterle – Germany (born 1957) Nobel laureate
 - Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov – Soviet Union, Russia (1919–2021)
 - Jim Al-Khalili – U.K. (born 1962)
 - Abdul Qadeer Khan – Pakistan (1936–2021)
 - Yulii Borisovich Khariton – Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Russia (1904–1996)
 - Erhard Kietz – Germany, United States (1909–1982)
 - Jack Kilby – United States (1923–2005) electronics engineer, Nobel laureate
 - Toichiro Kinoshita – Japan, United States (1925–2023)
 - Gustav Kirchhoff – Germany (1824–1887)
 - Oskar Klein – Sweden (1894–1977)
 - Hagen Kleinert – Germany (born 1941)
 - Klaus von Klitzing – Germany (born 1943) Nobel laureate
 - Jens Martin Knudsen – Denmark (1930–2005)
 - Martin Knudsen – Denmark (1871–1949)
 - Makoto Kobayashi – Japan (born 1944) Nobel laureate
 - Arthur Korn – Germany (1870–1945)
 - Masatoshi Koshiba – Japan (1926–2020) Nobel laureate
 - Matthew Koss – United States (born 1961)
 - Walther Kossel – Germany (1888–1956)
 - Ashutosh Kotwal – United States (born 1965)
 - Lew Kowarski – France (1907–1979)
 - Hendrik Kramers – Netherlands (1894–1952)
 - Sabine Kraml – Austria (born 1971)
 - Serguei Krasnikov – Soviet Union, Russia (born 1961)
 - Adolf Kratzer – Germany (1893–1983)
 - Lawrence M. Krauss – United States (born 1954)
 - Herbert Kroemer – Germany (1928–2024) Nobel laureate
 - August Krönig – Germany (1822–1879)
 - Ralph Kronig – Germany, United States (1904–1995)
 - Nikolay Sergeevich Krylov – Soviet Union (1917–1947)
 - Ryogo Kubo – Japan (1920–1995)
 - Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha – India (born 1951)
 - Shaiwatna Kupratakul – Thailand (born 1940)
 - Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatov – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1903–1960)
 - Behram Kursunoglu – Turkey (1922–2003)
 - Polykarp Kusch – Germany (1911–1993) Nobel laureate
 
L
- Anne L'Huillier – France, Sweden (born 1958) Nobel laureate
 - James W. LaBelle – United States
 - Joseph-Louis Lagrange – France (1736–1813)
 - Willis Lamb – United States (1913–2008) Nobel laureate
 - Lev Davidovich Landau – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1908–1968) Nobel laureate
 - Rolf Landauer – United States (1927–1999)
 - Grigory Landsberg – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1890–1957)
 - Kenneth Lane – United States
 - Paul Langevin – France (1872–1946)
 - Irving Langmuir – United States (1881–1957)
 - Pierre-Simon Laplace – France (1749–1827)
 - Joseph Larmor – U.K. (1857–1942)
 - John Latham - U.K. (1937–2021)
 - Cesar Lattes – Brazil (1924–2005)
 - Max von Laue – Germany (1879–1960) Nobel laureate
 - Robert Betts Laughlin – United States (born 1950) Nobel laureate
 - Mikhail Lavrentyev – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1900–1980)
 - Melvin Lax – United States (1922–2002)
 - Ernest Lawrence – United States (1901–1958) Nobel laureate
 - TH Laby – Australia (1880–1946)
 - Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev – Russian Empire (1866–1912)
 - Lindsay LeBlanc – Canada (living)
 - Leon Max Lederman – United States (1922–2018) Nobel laureate
 - Benjamin Lee – Korea, United States (1935–1977)
 - David Lee – United States (born 1931) Nobel laureate
 - Tsung-Dao Lee – China, United States (1926–2024) Nobel laureate
 - Anthony James Leggett – U.K., United States (born 1938) Nobel laureate
 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – Germany (1646–1716)
 - Robert B. Leighton – United States (1919–1997)
 - Georges Lemaître – Belgium (1894–1966)
 - Philipp Lenard – Hungary, Germany (1862–1947) Nobel laureate
 - John Lennard-Jones – U.K. (1894–1954)
 - John Leslie – U.K. (1766–1832)
 - Walter Lewin – Netherlands, United States (born 1936)
 - Martin Lewis Perl – United States (1927–2014)
 - Robert von Lieben – Austria-Hungary (1878–1913)
 - Alfred-Marie Liénard – France (1869–1958)
 - Evgeny Lifshitz – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1915–1985)
 - David Lindley – United States (born 1956)
 - John Linsley – United States (1925–2002)
 - Chris Lintott – U.K. (born 1980)
 - Gabriel Jonas Lippmann – France, Luxemburg (1845–1921) Nobel laureate
 - Antony Garrett Lisi – United States (born 1968)
 - Karl L. Littrow – Austria (1811–1877)
 - Seth Lloyd – United States (born 1960)
 - Oliver Lodge – U.K. (1851–1940)
 - Maurice Loewy – Austria, France (1833–1907)
 - Robert K. Logan – United States (born 1939)
 - Mikhail Lomonosov – Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire (1711–1765)
 - Alfred Lee Loomis – United States (1887–1975)
 - Ramón E. López – United States (born 1959)
 - Hendrik Lorentz – Netherlands (1853–1928) Nobel laureate
 - Ludvig Lorenz – Denmark (1829–1891)
 - Johann Josef Loschmidt – Austria (1821–1895)
 - Oleg Losev – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1903–1942)
 - Archibald Low – U.K. (1888–1956)
 - Per-Olov Löwdin – Sweden (1916–2000)
 - Lucretius – Rome (98?–55 BC)
 - Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov – Russian Empire (1857–1918)
 - Joseph Lykken – United States (born 1957)
 
M
- Arthur B. McDonald – Canada (born 1943) Nobel laureate
 - Carolina Henriette MacGillavry – Netherlands (1904–1993)
 - Ernst Mach – Austria-Hungary (1838–1916)
 - Katie Mack (astrophysicist) – United States (born 1981)
 - Gladys Mackenzie – Scotland (1903–1972)
 - Ray Mackintosh – U.K.
 - Luciano Maiani – Italy, San Marino (born 1941)
 - Theodore Maiman – United States (1927–2007)
 - Arthur Maitland – U.K. (1925–1994)
 - Ettore Majorana – Italy (1906–1938 presumed dead)
 - Sudhansu Datta Majumdar – India (1915–1997)
 - Richard Makinson – Australia (1913–1979)
 - Juan Martín Maldacena – Argentina (born 1968)
 - Étienne-Louis Malus – France (1775–1812)
 - Leonid Isaakovich Mandelshtam – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1879–1944)
 - Franz Mandl – U.K. (1923–2009)
 - Charles Lambert Manneback – Belgium (1894–1975)
 - Peter Mansfield – U.K. (1933–2017)
 - Carlo Marangoni – Italy (1840–1925)
 - M. Cristina Marchetti – Italy, United States (born 1955)
 - Guglielmo Marconi – Italy (1874–1937) Nobel laureate
 - Henry Margenau – Germany, United States (1901–1977)
 - Nina Marković – Yugoslavia, Croatia, United States
 - William Markowitz – United States (1907–1998)
 - Laurence D. Marks – United States (born 1954)
 - Robert Marshak – United States (1916–1992)
 - Walter Marshall – U.K. (1932–1996)
 - Toshihide Maskawa – Japan (1940–2021) Nobel laureate
 - Harrie Massey – Australia (1908–1983)
 - John Cromwell Mather – United States (born 1946) Nobel laureate
 - James Clerk Maxwell – U.K. (1831–1879)
 - Brian May – U.K. (born 1947)
 - Maria Goeppert Mayer – Germany, United States (1906–1972)
 - Ronald E. McNair – United States (1950–1986)
 - Anna McPherson – Canadian (1901–1979)
 - Simon van der Meer – Netherlands (1925–2011) Nobel laureate
 - Lise Meitner – Austria (1878–1968)
 - Fulvio Melia – United States (born 1956)
 - Macedonio Melloni – Italy (1798–1854)
 - Adrian Melott – United States (born 1947)
 - Thomas Corwin Mendenhall – United States (1841–1924)
 - M. G. K. Menon – India (1928–2016)
 - David Merritt – United States
 - Albert Abraham Michelson – United States (1852–1931) Nobel laureate
 - Arthur Alan Middleton – United States
 - Stanislav Mikheyev – Soviet Union, Russia (1940–2011)
 - Robert Andrews Millikan – United States (1868–1953) Nobel laureate
 - Robert Mills – United States (1927–1999)
 - Arthur Milne – U.K. (1896–1950)
 - Shiraz Minwalla – India (born 1972)
 - Bedangadas Mohanty – India (born 1973)
 - Rabindra Nath Mohapatra – India, United States (born 1944)
 - Kathryn Moler – United States
 - Merritt Moore – United States (born 1988)
 - Tanya Monro – Australia (born 1973)
 - John J. Montgomery – United States (1858–1911)
 - Jagadeesh Moodera – India, United States (born 1950)
 - Henry Moseley – U.K. (1887–1915)
 - Rudolf Mössbauer – Germany (1929–2011) Nobel laureate
 - Nevill Mott – U.K. (1905–1996) Nobel laureate
 - Ben Roy Mottelson – Denmark, United States (1926–2022) Nobel laureate
 - Amédée Mouchez – Spain, France (1821–1892)
 - Ali Moustafa – Egypt (1898–1950)
 - José Enrique Moyal – Ottoman Empire, Mandatory Palestine, France, U.K., United States, Australia (1910–1998)
 - Christine Muschik – Germany
 - Karl Alexander Müller – Switzerland (1927–2023) Nobel laureate
 - Richard A. Muller – United States (born 1944)
 - Robert S. Mulliken – United States (1896–1986)
 - Pieter van Musschenbroek – Netherlands (1692–1762)
 
N
- Yoichiro Nambu – Japan, United States (1921–2015) Nobel laureate
 - Meenakshi Narain – United States (1964–2022)
 - Jayant Narlikar – India (born 1938)
 - Quirino Navarro – Filipino nuclear physicist and chemist (1936–2002)
 - Seth Neddermeyer – United States (1907–1988)
 - Louis Néel – France (1904–2000) Nobel laureate
 - Yuval Ne'eman – Mandatory Palestine, Israel (1925–2006)
 - Ann Nelson – United States (1958–2019)
 - John von Neumann – Austria-Hungary, United States (1903–1957)
 - Simon Newcomb – United States (1835–1909)
 - Sir Isaac Newton – England (1642–1727)
 - Edward P. Ney – United States (1920–1996)
 - Kendal Nezan – France, Kurdistan (born 1949)
 - Holger Bech Nielsen – Denmark (born 1941)
 - Leopoldo Nobili – Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1784–1835)
 - Emmy Noether – Germany (1882–1935)
 - Lothar Nordheim – Germany (1899–1985)
 - Gunnar Nordström – Russian Empire, Finland (1881–1923)
 - Johann Gottlieb Nörremberg – Germany (1787–1862)
 - Konstantin Novoselov – Soviet Union, Russia, U.K. (born 1974) Nobel laureate
 - H. Pierre Noyes – United States (1923–2016)
 - John Nye – U.K. (1923–2019)
 
O
- Yuri Oganessian – Soviet Union, Russia (born 1933)
 - Georg Ohm – Germany (1789–1854)
 - Hideo Ohno – Japan (born 1954)
 - Susumu Okubo – Japan, United States (1930–2015)
 - Sir Mark Oliphant – Australia (1901–2000)
 - David Olive – U.K. (1937–2012)
 - Zaira Ollano – Italy (1904–1997)
 - Gerard K. O'Neill – United States (1927–1992)
 - Lars Onsager – Norway (1903–1976)
 - Robert Oppenheimer – United States (1904–1967)
 - Nicole Oresme – France (1325–1382)
 - Yuri Orlov – Soviet Union, United States (1924–2020)
 - Leonard Salomon Ornstein – Netherlands (1880–1941)
 - Egon Orowan – Austria-Hungary, United States (1901–1989)
 - Hans Christian Ørsted – Denmark (1777–1851)
 - Douglas Dean Osheroff – United States (born 1945) Nobel laureate
 - Silke Ospelkaus – Germany
 - Mikhail Vasilievich Ostrogradsky – Russian Empire (1801–1862)
 
P
- Thanu Padmanabhan – India (1957–2021)
 - Heinz Pagels – United States (1939–1988)
 - Abraham Pais – Netherlands, United States (1918–2000)
 - Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky – Germany, United States (1919–2007)
 - Blaise Pascal – France (1623–1662)
 - John Pasta – United States (1918–1984)
 - Sabrina Gonzalez Pasterski – United States (born 1993)
 - Jogesh Pati – United States (born 1937)
 - Petr Paucek – United States
 - Stephen Paul – United States (1953–2012)
 - Wolfgang Paul – Germany (1913–1993) Nobel laureate
 - Wolfgang Pauli – Austria-Hungary (1900–1958) Nobel laureate
 - Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin – United States (1900–1979) astronomer and astrophysicist
 - Ruby Payne-Scott – Australia (1912–1981)
 - George B. Pegram – United States (1876–1958)
 - Rudolf Peierls – Germany, U.K. (1907–1995)
 - Jean Peltier – France (1785–1845)
 - Roger Penrose – U.K. (born 1931) Wolf laureate, mathematician
 - Arno Allan Penzias – United States (1933–2024) Nobel laureate, electrical engineer
 - Martin Lewis Perl – United States (1927–2014) Nobel laureate
 - Saul Perlmutter – United States (born 1959) Nobel laureate
 - Jean Baptiste Perrin – France (1870–1942) Nobel laureate
 - Mario Petrucci - U.K. (born 1958)
 - Konstantin Petrzhak – Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Russia (1907–1998)
 - Bernhard Philberth – Germany (1927–2010)
 - William Daniel Phillips – United States (born 1948) Nobel laureate
 - Max Planck – Germany (1858–1947) Nobel laureate
 - Joseph Plateau – Belgium (1801–1883)
 - Milton S. Plesset – United States (1908–1991)
 - Ward Plummer – United States (1940–2020)
 - Boris Podolsky – Russian Empire, Soviet Union (1896–1966)
 - Henri Poincaré – France (1854–1912) mathematician
 - Eric Poisson – Canada (born 1965)
 - Siméon Denis Poisson – France (1781–1840) mathematician
 - Balthasar van der Pol – Netherlands (1889–1959) electrical engineer
 - Joseph Polchinski – United States (1954–2018)
 - Hugh David Politzer – United States (born 1949) Nobel laureate
 - John Polkinghorne – U.K. (1930–2021)
 - Julianne Pollard-Larkin – United States
 - Alexander M. Polyakov – Soviet Union, United States (born 1945)
 - Bruno Pontecorvo – Italy, Soviet Union, Russia (1913–1993)
 - Heraclides Ponticus – Greece (387–312 BC)
 - Heinz Pose – Germany (1905–1975)
 - Cecil Frank Powell – U.K. (1903–1969) Nobel laureate
 - John Henry Poynting – U.K. (1852–1914)
 - Ludwig Prandtl – Germany (1875–1953)
 - Willibald Peter Prasthofer – Austria (1917–1993)
 - Ilya Prigogine – Belgium (1917–2003)
 - Alexander Prokhorov – Russian Empire, Soviet Union, Russia (1916–2002) Nobel laureate
 - William Prout – U.K. (1785–1850)
 - Luigi Puccianti – Italy (1875–1952)
 - Ivan Pulyuy – Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary (1845–1918)
 - Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin – Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary, Serbia, United States (1858–1935)
 - Edward Mills Purcell – United States (1912–1997) Nobel laureate
 
Q
- Xuesen Qian – China (1911–2009)
 - Helen Quinn – Australia, United States (born 1943)
 
R
- Raúl Rabadán – United States
 - Gabriele Rabel – Austria, United Kingdom (1880–1963)
 - Isidor Isaac Rabi – Austria, United States (1898–1988) Nobel laureate
 - Giulio Racah – Italian-Israeli (1909–1965)
 - James Rainwater – United States (1917–1986) Nobel laureate
 - Mark G. Raizen – United States (born 1955)
 - Alladi Ramakrishnan – British Empire, India (1923–2008)
 - Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman – British Empire, India (1888–1970) Nobel laureate
 - Edward Ramberg – United States (1907–1995)
 - Carl Ramsauer – Germany (1879–1955)
 - Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. – United States (1915–2011) Nobel laureate
 - Lisa Randall – United States (born 1962)
 - Riccardo Rattazzi – Italy (born 1964)
 - Lord Rayleigh – U.K. (1842–1919) Nobel laureate
 - René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur – France (1683–1757)
 - Sidney Redner – Canada, United States (born 1951)
 - Martin John Rees – U.K. (born 1942)
 - Hubert Reeves – Canada (born 1932)
 - Tullio Regge – Italy (1931–2014)
 - Frederick Reines – United States (1918–1998) Nobel laureate
 - Louis Rendu – France (1789–1859)
 - Osborne Reynolds – U.K. (1842–1912)
 - Owen Willans Richardson – U.K. (1879–1959) Nobel laureate
 - Robert Coleman Richardson – United States (1937–2013) Nobel laureate
 - Burton Richter – United States (1931–2018) Nobel laureate
 - Floyd K. Richtmyer – United States (1881–1939)
 - Robert D. Richtmyer – United States (1910–2003)
 - Charlotte Riefenstahl – Germany (1899–1993)
 - Nikolaus Riehl – Germany (1901–1990)
 - Adam Riess – United States (born 1969) Nobel laureate
 - Karl-Heinrich Riewe – Germany
 - Walther Ritz – Switzerland (1878–1909)
 - Étienne-Gaspard Robert – Belgium (1763–1837)
 - Heinrich Rohrer – Switzerland (1933–2013) Nobel laureate
 - Joseph Romm – United States (born 1960)
 - Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen – Germany (1845–1923) Nobel laureate
 - Clemens C. J. Roothaan – Netherlands (1918–2019)
 - Nathan Rosen – United States, Israel (1909–1995)
 - Marshall Rosenbluth – United States (1927–2003)
 - Yasha Rosenfeld – Israel (1948–2002)
 - Carl-Gustav Arvid Rossby – Sweden, United States (1898–1957)
 - Bruno Rossi – Italy, United States (1905–1993)
 - Joseph Rotblat – Russian Empire, Poland, U.K. (1908–2005)
 - Carlo Rovelli – Italy (born 1956)
 - Mary Laura Chalk Rowles – United States (1904–1996)
 - Subrata Roy (scientist) – India, United States
 - Carlo Rubbia – Italy (born 1934) Nobel laureate
 - Vera Rubin – United States (1928–2016)
 - Serge Rudaz – Canada, United States (born 1954)
 - David Ruelle – Belgium, France (born 1935)
 - Ernst August Friedrich Ruska – Germany (1906–1988) Nobel laureate
 - Ernest Rutherford – New Zealand, U.K. (1871–1937)
 - Janne Rydberg – Sweden (1854–1919)
 - Martin Ryle – U.K. (1918–1984) Nobel laureate
 
S
- Subir Sachdev – United States (born 1961)
 - Mendel Sachs – United States (1927–2012)
 - Rainer K. Sachs – Germany and United States (born 1932)
 - Robert G. Sachs – United States (1916–1999)
 - Carl Sagan – United States (1934–1996)
 - Georges-Louis le Sage – Switzerland (1724–1803)
 - Georges Sagnac – France (1869–1926)
 - Megh Nad Saha – Bengali India (1893–1956)
 - Shoichi Sakata – Japan (1911–1970)
 - Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov – Soviet Union (1929–1989)
 - Oscar Sala – Brazil (1922–2010)
 - Abdus Salam – Pakistan (1926–1996) Nobel laureate
 - Edwin Ernest Salpeter – Austria, Australia, United States (1924–2008)
 - Anthony Ichiro Sanda – Japan, United States (born 1944)
 - Leonard Sander – United states (living)
 - Antonella De Santo – Italy, U.K.
 - Vikram Sarabhai – India (1919–1971)
 - Isidor Sauers – Austria (born 1948)
 - Félix Savart – France (1791–1841)
 - Brendan Scaife – Ireland (born 1928)
 - Martin Schadt – Switzerland (born 1938)
 - Arthur Leonard Schawlow – United States (1921–1999) Nobel laureate
 - Craige Schensted – United States
 - Joël Scherk – France (1946–1979)
 - Otto Scherzer – Germany (1909–1982)
 - Brian Schmidt – Australia, United States (born 1967) Nobel laureate
 - Alan Schoen – United States (1924–2023)
 - Walter H. Schottky – Germany (1886–1976)
 - Kees A. Schouhamer Immink – Netherlands (born 1946)
 - John Robert Schrieffer – United States (1931–2019) Nobel laureate
 - Erwin Schrödinger – Austria-Hungary, Austria, Ireland (1887–1961) Nobel laureate
 - John Henry Schwarz – United States (born 1941)
 - Melvin Schwartz – United States (1932–2006) Nobel laureate
 - Karl Schwarzschild – German Empire (1876–1916)
 - Julian Schwinger – United States (1918–1994) Nobel laureate
 - Marlan Scully – United States (born 1939)
 - Dennis William Sciama – U.K. (1926–1999)
 - Bice Sechi-Zorn – Italy, United States (1928–1984)
 - Thomas Johann Seebeck – Estonia (1770–1831)
 - Raymond Seeger – United States (1906–1992)
 - Emilio G. Segre – Italy, United States (1905–1989) Nobel laureate
 - Nathan Seiberg – United States (born 1956)
 - Frederick Seitz – United States (1911–2008)
 - Nikolay Semyonov – Russia (1896–1986)
 - Ashoke Sen – India (born 1956)
 - Hiranmay Sen Gupta – Bangladesh (1934–2022)
 - Robert Serber – United States (1909–1997)
 - Roman U. Sexl – Austria (1939–1986)
 - Shen Kuo – China (1031–1095)
 - Mikhail Shifman – Russia, United States (born 1949)
 - Dmitry Shirkov – Russia (1928–2016)
 - William Shockley – United States (1910–1989) Nobel laureate
 - Boris Shraiman – United States (1956)
 - Lev Shubnikov – Russia, Netherlands, Ukraine (1901–1937)
 - Clifford Shull – United States (1915–2001) Nobel laureate
 - Kai Siegbahn – Sweden (1918–2007) Nobel laureate
 - Manne Siegbahn – Sweden (1886–1978) Nobel laureate
 - Ludwik Silberstein – Poland, Germany, Italy, United States, Canada (1872–1948)
 - Eva Silverstein – United States (born 1970)
 - John Alexander Simpson – United States (1916–2000)
 - Willem de Sitter – Netherlands (1872–1934)
 - Uri Sivan – Israel (born 1955)
 - Tamitha Skov – United States space weather physicist, researcher and public speaker
 - G. V. Skrotskii – Russia (1915–1992)
 - Francis G. Slack – United States (1897–1985)
 - John C. Slater – United States (1900–1976)
 - Louis Slotin – United States (1910–1946)
 - Alexei Yuryevich Smirnov – Russia, Italy (born 1951)
 - George E. Smith – United States (1930–2025) Nobel laureate
 - Lee Smolin – United States (born 1955)
 - Marian Smoluchowski – Poland (1872–1917)
 - George Smoot – United States (born 1945) Nobel laureate
 - Willebrord Snell – Netherlands (1580–1626)
 - Arsenij Sokolov – Russia (1910–1986)
 - Arnold Sommerfeld – Germany (1868–1951)
 - Haim Sompolinsky – Israel (born 1949)
 - Bent Sørensen – Denmark (born 1941)
 - Rafael Sorkin – United States (born 1945)
 - Zeinabou Mindaoudou Souley (1964–) Nuclear physicist from Niger
 - Nicola Spaldin – United Kingdom (born 1969)
 - Maria Spiropulu – Greece (born 1970)
 - Henry Stapp – United States (born 1928)
 - Johannes Stark – Germany (1874–1957) Nobel laureate
 - Max Steenbeck – (1901–1981)
 - Joseph Stefan – Austria-Hungary, Slovenia (1835–1893)
 - Jack Steinberger – Germany, United States (1921–2020) Nobel laureate
 - Paul J. Steinhardt – United States (born 1952)
 - Carl August Steinheil – Germany (1801–1870)
 - George Sterman – United States (born 1946)
 - Otto Stern – Germany (1888–1969) Nobel laureate
 - Simon Stevin – Belgium, Netherlands (1548–1620)
 - Thomas H. Stix – United States (1924–2001)
 - George Gabriel Stokes – Ireland, U.K. (1819–1903)
 - Aleksandr Stoletov – Russia (1839–1896)
 - Donna Strickland – Canada (born 1959) Nobel laureate
 - Horst Ludwig Störmer – Germany (born 1949) Nobel laureate
 - Leonard Strachan – United States, astrophysicist
 - Julius Adams Stratton – United States
 - Andrew Strominger – United States (born 1955)
 - Audrey Stuckes – U.K. (1923–2006)
 - Ernst Stueckelberg – Switzerland (1905–1984)
 - George Sudarshan – India, United States (1931–2018)
 - Rashid Sunyaev – USSR (born 1943)
 - Oleg Sushkov – USSR, Australia (born 1950)
 - Leonard Susskind – United States (born 1940)
 - Joseph Swan – U.K. (1828–1914)
 - Jean Henri van Swinden – Netherlands (1746–1823)
 - Bertha Swirles – U.K. (1903–1999)
 - Leo Szilard – Austria-Hungary, United States (1898–1964)
 
T
- Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm – Imperial Russia, Soviet Union (1895–1971) Nobel laureate
 - Rachel Takserman-Krozer – Ukraine (1921–1987)
 - Abraham H. Taub – United States (1911–1999)
 - Geoffrey Ingram Taylor – U.K. (1886–1975)
 - Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. – United States (born 1941) Nobel laureate
 - Richard Edward Taylor – United States (1929–2018) Nobel laureate
 - Max Tegmark – Sweden, United States (born 1967)
 - Valentine Telegdi – Hungary, United States (1922–2006) Wolf laureate
 - Edward Teller – Austria-Hungary, United States (1908–2003)
 - Igor Ternov – Russia (1921–1996)
 - George Paget Thomson – U.K. (1892–1975) Nobel laureate
 - J. J. Thomson – U.K. (1856–1940) Nobel laureate
 - William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) – Ireland, U.K. (1824–1907)
 - Charles Thorn – United States (born 1946)
 - Kip Stephen Thorne – United States (born 1940)
 - Peter Adolf Thiessen – Germany (1899–1990)
 - Samuel Chao Chung Ting – United States (born 1936) Nobel laureate
 - Frank J. Tipler – United States (born 1947)
 - Ernest William Titterton – U.K., Australia (1916–1990)
 - Yoshinori Tokura – Japan (born 1954)
 - Samuel Tolansky – U.K. (1907–1973)
 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga – Japan (1906–1979) Nobel laureate
 - Lewi Tonks – United States (1897–1971)
 - Akira Tonomura – Japan (1942–2012)
 - Evangelista Torricelli – Italy (1608–1647)
 - Yoji Totsuka – Japan (1942–2008)
 - Bruno Touschek – Italy (1921–1978)
 - Charles Townes – United States (1915–2015) Nobel laureate
 - John Townsend – U.K. (1868–1957)
 - Johann Georg Tralles – Germany (1763–1822)
 - Sam Treiman – United States (1925–1999)
 - Daniel Chee Tsui – China, United States (born 1939) Nobel laureate
 - Vipin Kumar Tripathi – India (born 1948)
 - John J. Turin – United States (1913–1973)
 - Neil Turok – South Africa (born 1958)
 - Victor Twersky – United States (1923–1998)
 - Sergei Tyablikov – Russia (1921–1968)
 - John Tyndall – U.K. (1820–1893)
 - Neil deGrasse Tyson – United States (born 1958)
 
U
- George Eugene Uhlenbeck – Netherlands, United States (1900–1988)
 - Stanislaw Ulam – Poland, United States (1909–1984)
 - Nikolay Umov – Russia (1846–1915)
 - Juris Upatnieks – Latvia, United States (born 1936)
 
V
- Cumrun Vafa – Iran, United States (born 1960)
 - Oriol Valls – (born 1947 in Barcelona, Spain) university physics professor
 - Léon Van Hove – Belgium (1924–1990)
 - Sergei Vavilov – Soviet Union (1891–1951)
 - Vlatko Vedral – U.K., Serbia (born 1971)
 - Evgeny Velikhov – Russia (born 1935)
 - Martinus J. G. Veltman – Netherlands, United States (1931–2021) Nobel laureate
 - Gabriele Veneziano – Italy (born 1942)
 - Giovanni Battista Venturi – Italy (1746–1822)
 - Émile Verdet – France (1824–1866)
 - Erik Verlinde – Netherlands (1962)
 - Herman Verlinde – Netherlands (1962)
 - Leonardo da Vinci – Italy (1452–1519)
 - Jean-Pierre Vigier – France (1920–2004)
 - Gaetano Vignola – Italy
 - Anatoly Vlasov – Russia (1908–1975)
 - John Hasbrouck van Vleck – United States (1899–1980) Nobel laureate
 - Woldemar Voigt – Germany (1850–1919)
 - Burchard de Volder – Netherlands (1643–1709)
 - Max Volmer – Germany (1885–1965)
 - Alessandro Volta – Italy (1745–1827)
 - Wernher von Braun – Germany (1912–1977) aerospace engineer
 
W
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals – Netherlands (1837–1923) Nobel laureate
 - James Wait – Canada (1924–1998)
 - Ludwig Waldmann – Germany (1913–1980)
 - Alan Walsh – U.K., Australia (1916–1988)
 - Ernest Walton – Ireland (1903–1995) Nobel laureate
 - Dezhao Wang – China (1905–1998)
 - Enge Wang – China (born 1957)
 - Huanyu Wang – China (1954—2018)
 - Kan-Chang Wang – China (1907–1998)
 - Pu (Paul) Wang – China (1902–1969)
 - Zhuxi Wang – China (1911–1983)
 - Aaldert Wapstra – Netherlands (1923–2006)
 - John Clive Ward – England, Australia (1924–2000)
 - Gleb Wataghin – Ukraine, Italy, Brazil (1896–1986)
 - John James Waterston – U.K. (1811–1883)
 - Alan Andrew Watson – U.K. (born 1938)
 - James Watt – U.K. (1736–1819)
 - Denis Weaire – Ireland (born 1942)
 - Colin Webb – U.K. (born 1937)
 - Wilhelm Weber – Germany (1804–1891)
 - Katherine Weimer – United States (1919–2000)
 - Alvin Weinberg – United States (1915–2006)
 - Steven Weinberg – United States (1933–2021) Nobel laureate
 - Silke Weinfurtner – Germany
 - Rainer Weiss – United States (born 1932) Nobel laureate
 - Victor Frederick Weisskopf – Austria, United States (1908–2002)
 - Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker – Germany (1912–2007)
 - Heinrich Welker – Germany (1912–1981)
 - Gregor Wentzel – Germany (1898–1978)
 - Paul Werbos – United States (born 1947)
 - Siebren van der Werf – Netherlands (born 1942)
 - Peter Westervelt – United States (1919–2015)
 - Hermann Weyl – Germany (1885–1955)
 - Christof Wetterich – Germany (born 1952)
 - John Archibald Wheeler – United States (1911–2008)
 - Gian-Carlo Wick – Italy (1909–1992)
 - Emil Wiechert – Prussia (1861–1928)
 - Carl Wieman – United States (born 1951) Nobel laureate
 - Wilhelm Wien – Germany (1864–1928) Nobel laureate
 - Arthur Wightman – United States (1922–2013)
 - Eugene Wigner – Austria-Hungary, United States (1902–1993) Nobel laureate
 - Frank Wilczek – United States (born 1951) Nobel laureate
 - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson – U.K. (1869–1959) Nobel laureate
 - Christine Wilson (scientist) – Canadian-American physicist and astronomer
 - Kenneth Geddes Wilson – United States (1936–2013) Nobel laureate
 - Robert R. Wilson – United States (1914–2000) Nobel laureate
 - Robert Woodrow Wilson – United States (born 1936)
 - John R. Winckler – United States (1918–2001)
 - David J. Wineland – United States (born 1944) Nobel laureate
 - Karl Wirtz – Germany (1910–1994)
 - Mark B. Wise – Canada, United States (born 1953)
 - Edward Witten – United States (born 1951)
 - Emil Wolf – Czechoslovakia, United States (1922–2018)
 - Fred Alan Wolf – United States (born 1934)
 - Lincoln Wolfenstein – United States (1923–2015)
 - Stephen Wolfram – U.K. (born 1959)
 - Ewald Wollny – Germany (1846–1901)
 - Michael Woolfson – U.K. (1927–2019)
 - Chien-Shiung Wu – United States (1912–1997)
 - Sau Lan Wu – United States (born early 1940s)
 - Tai Tsun Wu – United States (1933-2024)
 
X
- Basilis C. Xanthopoulos – Greece (1951–1990)
 
Y
- Rosalyn Yalow – United States (1921–2011)
 - Chen Ning Yang – China (born 1922) Nobel laureate
 - Félix Ynduráin – Spain (born 1946)
 - Francisco José Ynduráin – Spain (1940–2008)
 - Kenneth Young – United States, China (born 1947)
 - Thomas Young – U.K. (1773–1829)
 - Hideki Yukawa – Japan (1907–1981) Nobel laureate
 
Z
- Jan Zaanen – Netherlands (born 1957)
 - Daniel Zajfman – Israel (born 1959)
 - Anthony Zee – United States (born 1945)
 - Pieter Zeeman – Netherlands (1865–1943) Nobel laureate
 - Ludwig Zehnder – Switzerland (1854–1949)
 - Anton Zeilinger – Austria (born 1945)
 - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich – Russia (1914–1987)
 - John Zeleny – United States (1872–1951)
 - Frits Zernike – Netherlands (1888–1960) Nobel laureate
 - Antonino Zichichi – Italy (born 1929)
 - Hans Ziegler – Switzerland, United States (1910–1985)
 - Karl Zimmer – Germany (1911–1988)
 - Georges Zissis – Greece (born 1964)
 - Peter Zoller – Austria (born 1952)
 - Zongfu Yu – United States (living)
 - Dmitry Zubarev – Russia (1917–1992)
 - Bruno Zumino – Italy (1923–2014)
 - Wojciech H. Zurek – Poland, United States (born 1951)
 - Robert Zwanzig – United States (1928–2014)
 - George Zweig – United States (born 1937)
 - Barton Zwiebach – United States (born 1954)
 
External links
- Pictures of some physicists (mostly 20th-century American) are collected in the Emilio Segrè Visual Archives and A Picture Gallery of Famous Physicists
 - 20th-century women in physics in the Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics archive
 
References
- ^ Jordanova, V. K.; Delzanno, G. L.; Henderson, M. G.; Godinez, H. C.; Jeffery, C. A.; Lawrence, E. C.; Morley, S. K.; Moulton, J. D.; Vernon, L. J.; Woodroffe, J. R.; Brito, T. V. (2018-10-01). "Specification of the near-Earth space environment with SHIELDS" (PDF). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Dynamics of the Sun-Earth System: Recent Observations and Predictions. 177: 148–159. Bibcode:2018JASTP.177..148J. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2017.11.006. ISSN 1364-6826. S2CID 125573634.