List of equipment of the South African Army

For a list of all military equipment of South Africa, see List of equipment of the South African National Defence Force.

This is a list of equipment of the South African Army. It includes equipment such as personnel equipment, small arms, armoured fighting vehicles, tanks, explosives, missile systems, engineering vehicles, logistical vehicles, artillery, air defence systems, as well as future equipment. Due to how large and secretive the South African Army is, it is currently almost impossible to calculate all equipment in the South African Army.

Personnel equipment

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details
Helmet
M87 Kevlar South Africa Combat helmet —

Standard issue combat helmet of the South African Army, produced in large quantities, South African derivative of the American PASGT.

M83 Kevlar South Africa Combat helmet —

Standard combat helmet of the South African Army Paratrooper Brigade. Former combat helmet of the Special Forces.

MICH[1][2] United States South Africa Combat helmet —
  • South African-made version of the Modular Integrated Communications Helmet (MICH) modified with a helmet accessory rail mount kit.
  • It is the standard issue combat helmet of the South African Special Forces replacing the M83 Kevlar.
  • These helmets are also used by some army units deployed to Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Camouflage
Soldier 2000 South Africa Combat uniform — Standard combat uniform pattern of the South African Military.
Soldier 2025[3] South Africa Combat uniform — Currently in trial. New combat uniform pattern of the South African Military.

To replace the Soldier 2000.[4]

Ballistic vest
EMS Tactical Vest[5] South Africa Bulletproof vest — Multiple tactical vests and plate carriers from local manufacturers are used by the Army and Special Forces.
Night vision
MNVM-14[6] No image available South Africa Night vision goggles — Manufactured by ECM Technologies.

Weapons

Pistols

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
Vektor Z88[7] South Africa Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum
The Vektor Z88 is a semi-automatic pistol manufactured under license in South Africa. It is a locally produced version of the Italian Beretta 92F, and has been the standard-issue sidearm of the South African Military since the late 1980s.

Chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, the Z88 is a short recoil-operated, double-action/single-action pistol with an open-slide design and a 15-round magazine. It features a manual safety/decocker, ambidextrous controls, and a traditional aluminium alloy frame. The pistol is known for its reliability and ease of maintenance.

Vektor SP1[8] South Africa Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum The Vektor SP1 is a South African semi-automatic pistol. It is a compact, domestically designed sidearm, intended to complement the standard-issue Z88 pistol in military and law enforcement service.

Chambered in 9×19mm Parabellum, the SP1 operates on a short recoil, double-action/single-action system. It features a fixed barrel, 15-round magazine, and ambidextrous safety/decocker. The pistol uses a steel slide and alloy frame, with improved ergonomics and simplified controls compared to the Z88.

The SP1 remains in service alongside the Z88, though both are expected to be reviewed under future small arms replacement programs.

Infantry rifles

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
Vektor R4 and R5[9] South Africa Assault rifle (R4)

Carbine (R5)

5.56×45mm NATO The Vektor R4 is the standard-issue assault rifle of the South African Army. It is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, and features a gas-operated, rotating bolt system with selective fire capability (semi, full-auto, and burst). The R4 has a 460 mm barrel, a side-folding stock, and feeds from a 35-round polymer magazine. It is effective up to 500 metres and features robust construction suited to harsh African environments.

The Vektor R5 is a shorter carbine version of the R4, with a 330 mm barrel for improved mobility in close-quarters combat. Its compact design makes it ideal for mechanised infantry, paratroopers, and vehicle crews, with an effective range of around 300–400 metres.

Both rifles have been modernized and upgraded in 2010 under Project African Warrior, which introduced a series of enhancements including:

  • Full-length Picatinny and M-LOK rail systems for mounting optics, lasers, tactical lights, and vertical foregrips
  • Modular handguards with improved heat dissipation
  • Folding and collapsible stocks for greater adaptability and user comfort

These upgrades give the rifles a visual and ergonomic profile similar to the Russian AK-12, enhancing their versatility for modern combat environments.[10]

Vektor R1 and R2[11][12] South Africa Battle rifle 7.62×51mm NATO The Vektor R1 is a South African-produced battle rifle based on the Belgian FN FAL, formerly the standard-issue rifle of the South African Defence Force (SADF) from the 1960s to early 1980s. Chambered in 7.62×51mm NATO, it features a 533 mm barrel, gas-operated tilting breechblock system, semi-automatic fire, a 20-round magazine, and an effective range of up to 600 metres.

The Vektor R2 is a derivative of the R1 developed for the South African Air Force and certain law enforcement units. It retains the same calibre but features a shorter barrel, fully automatic fire capability, and is equipped with a folding collapsible stock for improved compactness and mobility in confined spaces.

Although retired and replaced by the Vektor R4 and R5, both the R1 and R2 remain in limited service as designated marksman rifles (DMRs). Select units have upgraded these rifles with:

  • Modern optics via mounted rail systems
  • Ergonomic grips and improved furniture
  • Refined barrels for enhanced accuracy

These upgraded R1/R2 rifles continue to fill long-range precision roles within infantry formations.

CZ BREN[13][14] Czech Republic Battle rifle

Assault rifle

5.56×45mm NATO

7.62×39mm

The CZ BREN is a Czech modern modular assault rifle. The SANDF has ordered the BREN as part of its efforts to modernize small arms for selected units, particularly within Special Forces and some infantry formations.

The rifle is chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO, with some variants in 7.62×39mm also reportedly evaluated. It operates via a short-stroke gas piston system, with fully ambidextrous controls, and a monolithic upper receiver with full-length Picatinny and M-LOK rails. It is compatible with STANAG magazines and features a select-fire system (semi-auto and full-auto modes).

Key features include:

  • Barrel lengths of 8, 11, or 14 inches depending on the variant (CQB, rifleman, or marksman)
  • Folding and collapsible adjustable stock for compact carry and user adaptability
  • Modular handguard system for accessories such as vertical grips, lasers, and tactical lights
  • Effective range of approximately 500 metres in the 5.56mm configuration

While the BREN is not yet a standard-issue rifle, it is expected to supplement or potentially replace certain rifles in specialised units.

Long range rifles

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
Truvelo CMS[15][16]

(Counter Measure Sniper)

South Africa Bolt action sniper rifle 12.7×99mm NATO
.338 Lapua Magnum
7.62×51mm NATO 		The Truvelo Counter Measure Sniper (CMS) is a bolt-action precision rifle in service with the army, used primarily by the Infantry Sniper Corps and Special Forces for long-range engagements. It is available in multiple calibres for different operational roles:
  • CMS .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO): Used for anti-materiel and extreme long-range engagements. It primarily uses a 5-round detachable magazine, though a 10-round magazine option exists. While this increases ammunition capacity, it adds weight and reduces the rifle's ergonomics. This variant has an effective range exceeding 1,800 metres. The .50 BMG model includes a heavy fluted barrel, large muzzle brake, bipod, and extended rail for thermal/night optics.
  • CMS .338 Lapua Magnum: Intended for long-range anti-personnel roles, this variant primarily uses a 10-round detachable magazine, and is capable of accurate fire beyond 1,200 metres. It is typically fitted with a 25x optical scope.
  • CMS 7.62×51mm NATO: Designed for medium-range precision, this variant uses a 5 or 10-round detachable magazine and an effective range of up to 800 metres. It features a free-floating barrel, Picatinny rail system for optics, and an adjustable folding stock.

All variants feature a monolithic aluminium chassis, adjustable cheekpiece and length of pull, folding stock, and quick-change barrel system. The CMS is fully modular and compatible with day/night optics and suppressors depending on mission requirements.

Denel NTW-20[17] South Africa Anti-materiel sniper rifle 20×82mm 14.5×114mm The Denel NTW-20 is a bolt-action anti-materiel rifle developed in South Africa by Denel Land Systems. It is designed for long-range engagement of hard targets, including armoured vehicles, parked aircraft, radar installations, and enemy equipment. The NTW-20 is in service with the South African Army, primarily among Special Forces and the Infantry Sniper Corps.

The NTW-20 is modular and available in multiple calibres:

  • 20×82mm: Standard anti-materiel configuration with high explosive/incendiary ammunition; effective range: 1,500–1,800 metres
  • 14.5×114mm: Higher velocity variant for improved penetration; effective range: up to 2,300 metres

The NTW-20 was one of the first purpose-built anti-materiel rifles to feature field modularity and calibre interchangeability. It is primarily deployed in strategic denial and counter-material roles, rather than traditional anti-personnel sniper applications.

Truvelo TM545[16][18] South Africa Designated marksman rifle 5.56x45mm NATO

7.62×51mm NATO

The Truvelo TM545 is a South African Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR). It is currently undergoing evaluation as a potential replacement for the ageing R1 and R2 battle rifles in designated marksman roles across the South African Army.

Based on a modern AR-15-type platform, it features a free-floating match-grade barrel, Magpul adjustable stock, and full-length Picatinny rail system for optics and tactical accessories. Designed for both accuracy and durability, it is capable of sustained fire under harsh battlefield conditions.

  • Calibre: 5.56x45mm NATO or 7.62×51mm NATO (Depending on variant)
  • Action: Semi-automatic, gas-operated
  • Effective Range: 600–900 metres
  • Platform: AR-15 type with Magpul PRS Gen 2 stock and modular furniture

The TM545 offers precision fire at extended ranges beyond that of standard infantry rifles and is intended to bridge the gap between standard assault rifles and sniper systems. Its rugged design and adaptability make it ideal for urban and rural engagements, and its integration into the Army is currently being explored through ongoing field trials as of 2025.

Submachine guns

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
HK MP5[19][20]  Germany Submachine gun 9×19mm Parabellum The Heckler & Koch MP5 is in limited service with the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). It is primarily used by South African Special Forces, military police units, and elite army units, particularly in close-quarters combat (CQC) and urban operations.

Common variants in South African service include:

  • MP5A3: Features a collapsible stock, select-fire capability (semi and full-auto), and is commonly used by airborne and close protection units.
  • MP5SD: Integrally suppressed variant used for covert operations, ideal for stealth engagements with subsonic ammunition.
  • MP5K: Stockless compact version designed for close protection details and vehicle operations, offering greater concealability.

While not a general-issue weapon, the MP5 remains a reliable and favoured submachine gun among elite army personnel, particularly in counter-terrorism in Mozambique, hostage rescue, and urban warfare scenarios.

Machine guns

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
FN MAG[21]  Belgium General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO The FN MAG is a belgian 7.62×51mm NATO belt-fed general-purpose machine gun (GPMG), and is in long-standing service with the South African Army.

It is primarily used as a platoon-level support weapon mounted on tripods, vehicles, or helicopters, and is valued for its reliability, sustained fire rate, and rugged design.

  • Calibre: 7.62×51mm NATO
  • Feeding system: Disintegrating belt or box magazine (100 or 200-rounds)
  • Rate of fire: 650–1,000 rounds/min (adjustable)
  • Mounting: Infantry bipod/tripod, vehicles, aircraft

The FN MAG remains in front-line use across infantry, mechanized, and air units, often mounted on armoured vehicles.

Vektor SS-77[22] South Africa General-purpose machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO The Vektor SS-77 is a South African-designed GPMG developed by Vektor (Denel Land Systems) to provide a locally manufactured alternative to the FN MAG. It is in widespread use across the SANDF and has been exported to several African nations.

The SS-77 operates via a gas-operated, belt-fed system, and is modular, with conversions available for different calibres (notably 5.56mm via the Mini-SS variant).

  • Calibre: 7.62×51mm NATO (SS-77); 5.56×45mm NATO (Mini-SS)
  • Feeding system: Disintegrating belt
  • Rate of fire: ~700 rounds/min
  • Mounting: Bipod, tripod, vehicle or aircraft-mounted

The SS-77 has been in service since the 1980s and was designed to withstand Africa’s harsh field conditions. It remains the standard GPMG, though it is planned to be replaced in the coming years by the Denel DMG-5.

M2 Browning[23]  United States South Africa Heavy machine gun 12.7×99mm NATO The M2 Browning is deployed across multiple roles. It is mounted on armoured vehicles such as the Ratel IFV, Rooikat, Casspir, and Mamba, and on air platforms like the Oryx helicopter. Additionally, it is fielded by infantry in ground-based roles using M3 tripods, typically in defensive positions, forward operating bases, or as heavy support weapons for dismounted operations.
  • Calibre: 12.7×99mm NATO
  • Feeding system: Belt-fed
  • Rate of fire: 450–600 rounds/min
  • Mounting: Tripod, vehicle, or aircraft-mounted

The M2 continues to be upgraded with modern optics, remote control firing systems, and integrated night vision on certain platforms. Its long-range firepower remains essential for convoy protection, base defence, and fire support roles.

MG4 Browning[24]  United States South Africa Medium machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO M1919A4 Browning Medium Machine gun modified by Lyttleton Engineering Works, now Denel Land Systems, to fire the 7.62×51mm round.

It is Belt fed and generally fitted to armoured and infantry vehicles as well as certain helicopters as a secondary or tertiary armament.

Shotguns

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
Beretta-Stoeger SP312[25]  United States Italy Pump-action shotgun 12 gauge The Beretta-Stoeger SP312 is a 12-gauge military-grade pump-action combat shotgun in service with the South African Army, particularly in roles requiring reliability, simplicity, and close-range stopping power. It is favored by infantry, military police, and base security units for its robust build and ease of maintenance.
  • Type: Pump-action combat shotgun
  • Calibre: 12-gauge (2¾" and 3" shells)
  • Capacity: 5+1 or 7+1 (depending on magazine tube configuration)
  • Sights: Bead sight or ghost ring sights (depending on model)

The SP312 is used for guard duties, riot control, urban patrolling, and breaching operations, and can fire a wide range of ammunition including lethal (buckshot, slug) and less-lethal (rubber bullets, bean bags).

Grenade launchers

Name Origin Type Calibre Image Details
Milkor MGL[26][27] South Africa Grenade launcher 40×46 mm LV The Milkor MGL is a South African six-shot, 40mm grenade launcher in service with the South African Army, designed to provide rapid indirect fire support at short to medium ranges. It is capable of delivering a high volume of explosive firepower with a rotating cylinder mechanism.

The Milkor Y2, introduced in the early 2000s, replaced the original Y1 model, which had been in service since 1983. The latest and most advanced variant, the Milkor Y4 SuperSix, entered service in 2019. The Milkor MGL was the first modern multi-shot grenade launcher of its kind and has since influenced similar designs globally.

Both Y2 and Y4 variants come equipped with optical reflex/red-dot sights, laser rangefinders, and Picatinny rail systems for mounting optics, IR designators, and tactical accessories. They are compatible with a wide range of 40×46mm low-velocity grenades, including high-explosive (HE), smoke, CS gas, and less-lethal munitions.

  • Calibre: 40×46mm LV
  • Capacity: 6-round revolving cylinder
  • Rate of Fire: Up to 18 rounds per minute
  • Sights: Reflex sight + integrated laser rangefinder
  • Accessories: Vertical foregrip, rail system for optics and lasers

It is estimated that over 20,000 Milkor MGL's are in service, making it one of the most widely fielded support weapons in the SANDF. The system is used by infantry, special forces, and military police for area suppression, riot control, and urban warfare.

Denel Y3 AGL[28] South Africa Grenade machine gun 40×53 mm HV
The Denel Y3 AGL is a belt-fed automatic grenade launcher developed for vehicle-mounted and tripod-supported applications. It is used by mechanized infantry for area suppression, anti-personnel, and light anti-vehicle roles.
  • Calibre: 40×53mm High Velocity (HV)
  • Feeding system: Belt-fed (linked ammunition)
  • Rate of fire: 325–375 rounds/min
  • Effective range: ~1,500 metres
  • Ammunition: High-explosive (HE), dual-purpose (HEAT), airburst, smoke grenades
  • Mounting: Tripod or turret (often mounted on Casspir, RG-31, and Mamba APCs)
  • Sights: Day/night optics or reflex sights with range correction

The Y3 AGL significantly enhances suppressive fire capability in urban, mountainous, and open terrain. Its high fire volume and explosive radius allow small teams to dominate large areas quickly.

Portable anti-armour weapons

Name Origin Type Warhead Image Details
Carl Gustaf M4[29] Sweden Recoilless rifle 84 mm
The Carl Gustaf M4 is an 84mm multi-role, shoulder-fired recoilless rifle recently adopted by the South African Army as a replacement for the ageing RPG‑7 launchers. The M4 variant, introduced to SANDF frontline units in 2024, brings significant improvements in weight, ergonomics, and versatility over previous models.
  • Calibre: 84mm
  • Effective Range: 500 m (armour), up to 1000 m (soft targets)
  • Ammunition: High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT), Tandem HEAT, HE, Smoke, ASM
  • Optics: Optional day/night fire control system, reflex or thermal sights

The M4 is employed by mechanised infantry, special operations units, and motorised infantry elements as a standardised, reusable anti-armour system.

AT4[30] Sweden Smoothbore recoilless rifle 84 mm The AT4 is a lightweight, disposable 84mm anti-tank weapon system adopted by the SANDF in 2024 alongside the Carl Gustaf M4 to provide individual soldiers with a one-shot, close-range capability against enemy armour and bunkers.
  • Calibre: 84mm
  • Effective Range: 300 m (point target), 500 m (area target)
  • Ammunition: HEAT, HE, AST (anti-structure), CS (confined space)
  • Optics: Fixed optical sight (with optional thermal/night add-ons)

It is a non-reloadable, pre-packed launcher designed for simplicity and minimal training, making it ideal for motorised and airborne infantry.

RPG-7[31] Soviet Union Rocket-propelled grenade launcher 40 mm Captured in high numbers during the Border War, the RPG-7 has remained in widespread section-level use as the primary anti-tank rocket system for conventional infantry units.
  • Calibre: 40 mm warhead; launcher ~85 mm
  • Effective Range: 200–500 m (depending on rocket type)
  • Operation: Unguided, optic-aimed rocket launcher

The army is currently seeking a replacement for this ageing but still effective system.

Denel FT5[32] South Africa Anti-tank rocket weapon 100 mm The FT5 is a South African man-portable, anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed by Denel Dynamics, designed to provide infantry units with a modern, fire-and-forget capability against armored vehicles and fortifications. It serves as South Africa’s primary replacement for aging Soviet-era RPG systems, offering greater precision, range, and lethality.

The FT5 is equipped with a tandem high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) warhead capable of penetrating reactive and composite armor. It has also been fielded with other warhead types, including thermobaric and fragmentation, to engage bunkers, buildings, or soft targets.

  • Guidance System: Imaging infrared (IIR), fire-and-forget
  • Warhead: Tandem HEAT, optional thermobaric or fragmentation variants
  • Effective Range: 100 – 4,000 metres
  • Operational Use: Anti-armor, fortified positions, soft-skinned vehicles

The FT5 is currently in service with select units of the South African Army and has been integrated into mobile anti-tank platoons. Its high mobility and advanced guidance make it a potent force multiplier on the modern battlefield, complementing both light and mechanised infantry formations.

MILAN ER[33] France

Germany

Wire-guided anti-tank missile system 115 mm The MILAN is a Franco-German wire-guided anti-tank missile adopted by the SANDF in the late 1970s. It served as a reliable medium-range ATGM system, primarily with mechanised infantry units during the Border War.[34][35]

The missile is typically launched from a tripod-mounted firing post, which includes a day sight and optional thermal imaging optics for night operations.

  • Warhead: Single HEAT (early), tandem HEAT (later variants)
  • Penetration: Up to 800mm RHA
  • Guidance System: SACLOS (wire-guided)
  • Launcher: Tripod or vehicle-mounted
  • Range: 400 – 2,000 metres

The Milan system has been largely phased out of front-line service and is now primarily used for training, in favour of the newer and more advanced ZT-3 Ingwe ATGM system.

ZT3 Ingwe[36] South Africa Beam-riding anti-tank guided missile system 152 mm The ZT3 Ingwe is a South African multipurpose long-range, jam-resistant, laser beam-riding anti-tank guided missile developed by Denel Dynamics, and remains the army's most powerful ATGM. It was designed to defeat modern main battle tanks and heavily fortified positions.

Ingwe uses semi-active laser beam-riding guidance, requiring the operator to keep a laser designator fixed on the target while the missile rides the beam to impact. The system is typically mounted on the Ratel and Badger infantry fighting vehicles, as well as various light tactical vehicles and helicopters, it can also be fired by infantry from a ground-based tripod launcher.

The missile features a tandem HEAT warhead capable of defeating explosive reactive armor (ERA) and thick composite armor. Variants include thermobaric warheads for use against bunkers, infantry positions, and structures.

  • Warhead: Tandem HEAT, thermobaric variant available
  • Penetration: Over 1,000mm RHA behind ERA
  • Guidance System: Jam-resistant laser beam-riding
  • Launcher: Vehicle-mounted or helicopter-mounted
  • Range: Up to 5,000 metres

The ZT3 remains the army's frontline long-range anti-armor missile system, and is being progressively integrated into the new Badger IFV fleet. The ZT3 was significantly upgraded and modernized in 2005, enhancing its range, guidance, and penetration performance—placing it on par with leading global ATGMs such as the Israeli Spike, American BGM-71 TOW, and Russian 9M133 Kornet.[37]

Explosives

Name Origin Type Detonation Image Details
M26 grenade[38] South Africa Fragmentation hand grenade Fuse Manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions, based on a US design. In service with the South African Army Infantry Formation.
RDM illuminating hand grenade[39] South Africa Illuminating hand grenade Fuse A grenade which consists of an aluminium case containing the illuminating composition, to which is fitted a conventional fly-off lever striker mechanism. The illuminating grenade provides sufficient light for target identification and attack.
M854 Smoke Grenade[40] South Africa Smoke grenade Fuse A grenade which consists of a cylindrical tinplate body containing the smoke composition, a spring-loaded striker mechanism of the fly-off lever type and a pyrotechnic igniter/delay system. The fly-off lever is retained by a conventional safety pin and pull ring. The grenade has a variety of signalling applications and may also be used for screening and for

training exercises in riot control.

RDM Bullet Trap (BT) Rifle Grenades[41] South Africa Rifle grenade 54 mm (HE/AP), 60 mm (HE/DP) Second generation South African rifle grenades manufactured by Rheinmetall Denel Munitions (formerly Swartklip Products, a division of Denel). The grenade incorporates a bullet trap and deflector in the tail tube. This allows them to be fired without the need to unload the rifle of its ammunition. Bullet Trap rifle grenades available includes HE/AP (High Explosive/Anti-Personnel), Practice and HE/DP (High Explosive/Dual Purpose) grenades. The HE/DP type has a shaped charge warhead which can penetrate 150 mm of rolled homogeneous armour or 450 mm of reinforced concrete. Grenades can be fired from both 5.56mm and 7.62mm rifles in the South African arsenal.
MS-803[40] South Africa Anti-personnel mine Detonator The MS-803 is a South African directional anti-personnel mine based on the design of the American M18A1 Claymore. It is intended for use in defensive ambushes, perimeter security, and area denial, capable of unleashing a fan-shaped pattern of high-velocity steel fragments toward enemy personnel.
  • Type: Directional anti-personnel fragmentation mine
  • Warhead: Embedded steel ball matrix in plastic housing
  • Lethal Radius: Up to 50 metres in a 60° arc
  • Detonation Method: Command-detonated (electric or tripwire)
  • Mounting: Folding scissor stand with aiming groove

A number of MS-803 mines remain in the SANDF's stockpile and are primarily used for training purposes.

Bladed weapons

Name Origin Type Image Details
KA-BAR Recce[40] South Africa Combat knife The KA-BAR Recce is a modernized variant of the American Ka-Bar fighting knife, adapted for use by South African reconnaissance units and special forces.
  • Blade Type: Fixed, clip-point
  • Blade Length: Approx. 7 inches (178 mm)
  • Material: 1095 Cro-Van high-carbon steel (black coated)
  • Handle: Leather stack or Kraton (rubberized polymer)
  • Sheath: MOLLE-compatible polymer or leather

The KA-BAR remains a symbol of close-combat readiness and is standard-issue to some elite units within the SANDF, especially those trained in reconnaissance and special warfare.

Vehicles

  Future equipment on order
  Equipment in development and financed by the SANDF, but no order yet
  Potential equipment in a middle-term future
Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details

Main battle tank

Olifant[42] South Africa Main battle tank 250 The Olifant ("Elephant" in Afrikaans) is a heavily modified and modernized Centurion main battle tank, in service with the South African Armoured Corps. It serves as the backbone of the Army's armoured forces and is capable of multi-role operations, including frontline assault, fire support, and mechanized warfare.

Variants:[43]

  • Olifant Mk1A – around 180 units, commissioned in 1985; more than half of this fleet is kept in reserve
  • Olifant Mk1B – 44 units, commissioned in 1991
  • Olifant Mk2 – 26 units, commissioned in 2007
  • Armoured Bridge Layer – 16 units
  • Armoured Recovery Vehicle (ARV) – 2 units

Note: The Olifant fleet is planned to be replaced by a new main battle tank through Project Aorta, which aims to deliver next-generation capabilities.[44]

Armoured reconnaissance

Rooikat[45] South Africa Armoured reconnaissance vehicle 240 Fast-moving tank destroyer in service with the Armoured Corps of the South African Army. The Rooikat is used for reconnaissance, aggressive search-and-destroy, anti-armour operations, combat patrols, raids, day and night hot pursuit operations.[46]

Variants:

  • Rooikat Mk1D (Denel GT4 76 mm high velocity anti-tank cannon, 2 x 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial, 8 x 81 mm smoke screen grenade-launched countermeasures)[47]

In the 2000s, Project Arum Lily was launched to upgrade the Rooikats to Mk1D standard, the project was completed in 2006.[48]

Infantry fighting vehicle

Ratel IFV[49] Ratel IFV (1,025):
Ratel 20
Ratel Command
Ratel 30
Ratel 90
Ratel ZT3 (52):
 South Africa Infantry fighting vehicle 570 (Active)

455 (Reserve)

Primary armoured fighting vehicle in service with the South African Mechanized infantry units.[50]

Variants:

  • Ratel 20 – 20 mm GI-2 autocannon, 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial. Most common variant, about 600–700 units in service.
  • Ratel 30 – (30 mm TRT-30 RCWS, 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial. Introduced later in smaller numbers.
  • Ratel 60 – 60 mm breech-loading mortar gun, 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial. Primarily for support roles, about 150–200 units.
  • Ratel 81 – 81 mm long-range mortar gun, 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial. Less common than the 60 mm, likely 50–75 units.
  • Ratel 90 – 90 mm GT-2 low-velocity anti-tank cannon, 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial. Second-most common variant after the Ratel 20, roughly 300–350 units.
  • Ratel Command – Two-seater turret with a 12.7 mm .50 BMG. Limited production for command roles, around 50 units.
  • Ratel ZT-3 – Laser-guided ZT3 Ingwe ATGM missile turret, 7.62 mm Browning M1919 coaxial. Dedicated tank destroyer, 52 units in service.[51]

A total of 1,400 units were delivered to the army in all variants. Some 300 surplus Ratels were sold to foreign countries bringing the total down to 1,025 IFV units and 52 ZT3 tank destroyer units as of 2024.

Badger IFV[52] Finland South Africa Infantry fighting vehicle 26 (Active)[53]

(+ 228 on order)

The Badger is a mainline infantry fighting vehicle, developed under Project Hoefyster through shared development between Finnish and South African technology. It is designed to replace the Army's ageing Ratel fleet with a new generation of modular, heavily armed, and highly mobile combat vehicles.

Built for high-speed armoured assaults, the Badger IFV delivers mechanized infantry to the battlefield, provides direct fire support, and offers advanced protection against modern threats.

Mounted in the turret is a 30 mm Cam Gun with ZT3 Ingwe laser-guided anti-tank missiles on selected variants, making the Badger a credible threat even to main battle tanks. A Threat Detection and Countermeasure System (TDCS) integrates active protection measures capable of intercepting incoming rockets, missiles, and guided munitions before impact.[54]

Order & Production:

  • Original order: 264 vehicles
  • Reduced to: 238 vehicles due to budget cuts
  • Current order: Increased to ~254 vehicles after additional funding, with further batches planned to replace all 1,050 Ratel IFVs over time.
  • Deliveries: 22 pre-production units from Finland; remainder produced in South Africa by Denel Land Systems.

Variants: (Current Batch of 254)

  • Section variant (30 mm cannon) – 100 units
  • Fire Support variant (30 mm cannon + ATGM) – 15 units
  • Mortar variant (60 mm gun-mortar) – 41 units
  • Command variant (C2 role) – 70 units
  • Tank Destroyer variant (dual ZT3 Ingwe ATGMs + optional 120 mm cannon) – 20 units
  • Ambulance variant (medical EVAC) – 8 units

Additional orders are planned in the future if funding is sufficient to complete the Ratel replacement programme.

Protected mobility vehicle

Mamba[55] South Africa Armoured personnel carrier, MRAP 538 Mine-resistant APC with significant protection against anti-tank mines and small arms fire.

Mamba Mk2 and Mk3 variants are used by the Army with an undisclosed number of Mambas in reserve/storage.

Variants:

  • Mamba Mk2 (M2 Browning .50 Cal MG, 40 mm Denel Y3 Grenade machine gun)
  • Mamba Mk3 (M2 Browning .50 Cal MG, 40 mm Denel Y3 Grenade machine gun)

Around 100 Mamba APCs in reserve were refurbished and brought back into service at the end of 2023 and were assigned to the light modern brigade.[56][57]

MAX 3[58] South Africa Armoured personnel carrier, MRAP 6 Half a dozen of 4x4 and 6x6 MAX 3s were acquired from South African Defence Contractor SVI Engineering in early 2024 and delivered to the Joint Operations Division of the SANDF.
Project Sepula[59] RG-34

Nyoka Mk2 RG-35

South Africa Armoured personnel carrier, MRAP 500

(first phase) +2,500 (further order planned)

As of 2025, the South African Army has restarted a major project as part of a long-term initiative to replace its Mamba and Casspir fleets—armoured vehicles that have served since the apartheid era. This programme falls under the broader Project Sepula, which envisions the eventual acquisition of up to 3,000 modern APCs and MRAPs over the next decade.

In the short term, the Army is seeking to procure an initial batch of nearly 500 vehicles,[60][61] structured as follows:

  • 210+ Section Variants – for general infantry troop transport.
  • 144 Command Variants – equipped with secure communications, digital battle management systems, and satellite navigation.
  • 108 Ambulance Variants – designed for protected battlefield medical evacuation.

The new vehicles will be locally sourced to support the domestic defence industry and reduce reliance on foreign imports. This project has attracted interest from several South African armoured vehicle manufacturers, including:[62]

  • Denel Land Systems
  • OTT Technologies
  • Twiga Services and Logistics
  • Milkor
  • Paramount Group
  • DCD Protected Mobility

The following vehicle platforms are among the most likely candidates under evaluation:

  • OTT Puma M36 – a versatile MRAP widely used across Africa.
  • DCD Springbuck IV – a modern 4x4 MRAP with modular armour.
  • RG31 Mk6 (upgraded) – legacy Denel-designed vehicle still considered for ambulance or specialist variants.
  • Milkor 4×4 APC – a newer design offering mine and ballistic protection with a fully modular interior.

Project Sepula is envisioned as a multi-phase replacement programme that will unfold in tranches depending on available funding and production capacity. In total, the Army hopes to field approximately 2,500 to 3,000 vehicles, modernizing the mobility of infantry, mechanized, and peacekeeping units.[63]

Casspir[64][65] South Africa Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP 370+ (Active)

1,800 (Reserve)

Multi-purpose, mine-resistant infantry mobility vehicle with significant protection against anti-tank mines and small arms fire.

More than 2,800 Casspirs were built (Mk2 and Mk3 variants). Around 600 units were sold to foreign countries, leaving roughly around 2,200 vehicles in army service or reserve stock.

Variants:

  • Casspir APC/MRAP – Primary configuration carrying up to 12 troops; armed with 3 × 7.62 mm MGs, M2 Browning .50 cal MG, and optional 40 mm Denel Y3 grenade machine gun. Over 2,000 units built, including those later sold or retired.
  • Casspir Ambulance – Configured for medical evacuation. Likely around 50–80 units.
  • Casspir Fire Support Team Vehicle (FISTV) – For forward observers and support teams. Around 40–60 units estimated.
  • Casspir Artillery Fire Control Vehicle – Used for artillery coordination. Around 30–50 units.
  • Casspir Plofadder Mine-Clearing Vehicle – Equipped with mine-clearing equipment. Approximately 20–40 units.
  • Casspir Gemsbok Recovery Vehicle – Fitted for recovery and engineering roles. Likely 50–70 units.
  • Other Specialized Variants – Command and communications, training, and experimental configurations. Low production, under 50 units combined.

At the end of 2023, an unspecified number of Casspirs in reserve were returned to active service to supplement the SANDF's vehicle fleet.[66]

RG-31 Nyala[67][68] South Africa Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP ? Multi-purpose mine-resistant infantry mobility vehicle in service with the Army and Special Task Force (STF).[69]

Variants:

  • RG-31 Mk5E (20 mm remote controlled weapon station, 40 mm Denel Y3 Grenade Machine gun)

Order for additional vehicles:

  • Up to 210 Mk6E on option as section vehicles for the Army's APC/MRAP project to replace Toyota Land Cruisers.[60]
Husky[70][71] South Africa Vehicle mounted mine detection system — A system designed to clear routes of mines, usually they operate in pairs one after the other.

The leading vehicle acts as a Mine Detection Vehicle (MDV) and is designated as "Meerkat".

The second Husky in the system tows a trailer called a "Duisendpoot" and is known as a towing /mine detection vehicle (T/MDV). The latest version of the Husky, the 2G, has high sensitivity low metal content detectors, ground penetrating radar, powerful air blowers and a robotic arm.

Engineering and Logistics vehicles

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details
Olifant Armour Recovery[72] South Africa Armoured recovery vehicle 18
Olifant Armour Bridge Layer[72] No image available South Africa Armoured vehicle-launched bridge 2
Toyota Land Cruiser Utility[73] Japan

South Africa

Utility vehicle 435 Used for border patrol. R500 million will be spent in 2024/25 to replace these vehicles with new mine-resistant APCs.
Gecko 8×8 ATV[74] South Africa
Canada 		All-terrain utility vehicle 100 Used by the Parachute Regiment and Special Forces.
SAMIL 20[75][76] South Africa 4×4 logistics truck More than 11,000[77] Upgraded Magirus Deutz 130M7FAL 4×4 2-ton (load) truck. The trucks serve as the primary off-road light general purpose truck of the SANDF and comes in several variants, each fulfilling a different role. These include general cargo/fuel/troop transport variants, artillery fire control posts, variants with office and workshop bodies, a battery charger variant, a light recovery variant (designated "Pegasus") and a variant with a Light General Repair(LAD) rear body.
SAMIL 50[78][79] South Africa 4×4 military logistics truck More than 11,000[80] Upgraded Magirus Deutz 192D12AL 4×4 5-ton (load) truck. Trucks are utilised in different roles as personnel/cargo transporters, field repair and maintenance vehicles, water/fuel transporters, field recovery vehicles (variant designated as "Springbok"), refuse collection trucks, mobile showers, mobile offices, bridge transporters, radio and technical bins and pantry vehicles(with refrigeration capability).
SAMIL 100[81] South Africa 6×6 military logistics truck More than 11,000[82] Upgraded Magirus Deutz 320D22AL 6×6 10-ton (load) truck. Trucks are utilised in different roles as personnel/cargo transporters, water/fuel transporters, field recovery vehicles (variant designated as "Kameel"/Mine protected variant designated as "Withings"), dry canteen vehicles, field repair and maintenance vehicles (designated as "Waterbok"), UAV launchers, UAV recovery vehicles and gun tractors (for towed artillery pieces).
Kynos Aljaba Trucks[83] South Africa 8×8 heavy military logistics truck 3,200+ The army employs several variants of this vehicle. The "Skimmel" is a heavy recovery vehicle which is fitted with a tow arm, a winch, a crane and various other equipment. The "Zebra" is a maintenance and repair variant of the truck. The "Kameelperd" version carries the Army Air Defence Artillery's ESR220 Thutlwa mobile battery fire control post and early warning radar. The trucks also have tank transport and bridge layer variants.
MAN KAT-1[84] Germany South Africa 8x8 heavy military logistics truck — Primarily utilised as prime movers, firefighting vehicles and low-bed transporters.
Giraffe[85] Italy 8x8 heavy military logistics truck — Designated as "Giraffe". Used as a cargo/vehicle transporter.
Toyota Dyna[85]

Japan

Medium-duty truck — Designated as "Wildebees"
Scania transport buses Sweden Personnel transport bus — These buses are used to ferry personnel to and from bases.
Various cars and light trucks. No image available — Light armoured utility vehicles — Various civilian utility vehicles are utilized by the army for light transport/patrol purposes (primarily Ford, Toyota and Land Rover vehicles).

Artillery

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Max Range Details

Rocket artillery

Bateleur MRL[86] South Africa 127mm multiple rocket launcher 25 40 km 127mm standard multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) of the South African Army Artillery Formation. 40 launch tubes mounted on an armoured Samil 100 6×6 truck.
Valkiri MRL[86] South Africa 131mm multiple rocket launcher 76 40 km 131mm multiple launch rocket system (MLRS). 24 launch tubes mounted on an armoured 4×4 or 6x6 truck.

Self-propelled artillery

G6 Rhino[87] South Africa 155mm self-propelled howitzer 43 76 km The largest and most sophisticated artillery system in the South African Army arsenal.

Initially 153 were in service, at the end of the Cold War 110 units were sold to other countries bringing the total down to 43.

All the remaining 43 G6 Rhino's were upgraded to the latest G6-52 variant in 2024 improving the range and accuracy making it one of the most accurate artillery systems in the world.[88]

T5-52 Condor[89][90][91] South Africa 155mm self-propelled howitzer 9+ 60+ km[92] The T5-52 is a South African truck-mounted self-propelled howitzer, it is the latest artillery system of the South African Army that was launched in 2018.[93]

They were received from Denel as a replacement for the 6 G5 towed howitzers sold to Saudi Arabia.

Towed artillery

G5 Leopard[94] South Africa 155mm towed howitzer 72 50–60 km The G5 Leopard is a South African long-range 155 mm towed howitzer and is the primary piece of towed artillery in the South African Army.

Small amounts of artillery pieces are used by the School of Artillery to train gun crews from multiple regiments.

Denel was awarded a contract to upgrade the G5 Leopard to the latest G5-52 standard by 2024.[88]

GV4[95] Israel 155mm towed howitzer 32 30 km Long-range towed 155mm howitzer.

32 units designated GV4. These guns were purchased in the 1980s during the South African Border War, they were soon replaced by the G5 Leopard as the new standard towed artillery system of the South African Army Artillery Formation.

The remaining GV4 guns operate alongside the G5 Leopard or are kept in reserve.

GV1[96] United Kingdom 87mm towed howitzer 30 12 km GV1 88mm guns are still maintained in several reserve regiments such as the Cape Field Artillery regiment and the Transvaal Horse Artillery which they fire on ceremonial occasions.[96]

Mortars

M4 Mortar[97][98] South Africa 60mm light mortar — 2 km Uses the M-61 series of bombs in High Explosive, Smoke, Illumination and Practice versions.

In use with the Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. Upgraded in 2016 with improved range and accuracy.[99]

M6 Mortar[100] No image available South Africa 60mm light mortar 102+ 6 km Unknown number ordered under the Project Acrobat contract.

An estimate of 102 M6 long-range mortars were successfully delivered to the South African Army Infantry Corps in 2011.

Its lightweight make it suitable for rapid deployment, fast-moving operations and airborne.

M3 Mortar

M8 Mortar[97]

France

South Africa

81mm medium mortar 1,190+
700 		5 km
7 km 		Based on the French LLR 81mm mortar.

Locally produced in South Africa as the M3 and M8 mortars (improved versions with heavier barrels compared to the French LLR 81mm).

The mortar is usually operated by a three-man team. It is also often mounted and fired from armoured vehicles like the Ratel 81.

Around 1,890 M3 and M8 mortars are in service with the South African Army Infantry Formation.

M5 Mortar South Africa 120mm heavy mortar 146 8 km Primary long-range, indirect fire, artillery weapon of the Steve Biko Artillery Regiment (formerly Light Regiment). The M5 mortar system is also air deployable.[101]

Air defence

Name Image Origin Type Quantity Details

Surface-to-air missiles

Umkhonto[102] South Africa Mobile surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system 3 batteries (+ more planned) The Umkhonto GBADS vertical launching system is currently in testing for the South African Army’s ground-based air defence system (GBADS) requirement. The Umkhonto GBADS can carry up to eight Umkhonto-R and Umkhonto-IR (Infrared) Mk II missiles.
Starstreak[103] United Kingdom Manportable/Vehicle mounted surface-to-air missile 178 Eight Lightweight Multiple Launchers (LML), two 20 km-range Thales Page continuous-wave (CW) low-observable battery air defence local warning radars as well as about 100 VSHORAD (very short range air defence) high-velocity missiles were ordered in December 2002 and are in use with 10 Air Defence Artillery Regiment. These missiles have a range of between 5–7 km. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute lists the number of Portable SAMs delivered as 96 for the GBADS phase 1 project with another order for 82[104]

Anti-aircraft guns

Oerlikon GDF (Skyshield)[105]  Switzerland
Germany 		Radar-guided 35 mm anti-aircraft autocannon 169 169 acquired (along with 75 Super Fledermaus fire control units) These guns were upgraded by Rheinmetall AG in 2017 to use Oerlikon Skyshield fire control systems and Ahead airburst ammunition capable of shooting down modern aerial threats.[106]
ZU-23-2 Zumlac[107] Soviet Union Twin 23mm anti-aircraft autocannon 36 These guns were captured in the 1980s during the South African Border War and are mounted on armoured SAMIL 100 heavy trucks.

Miscellaneous equipment

Name Image Origin Type Number Details
Seeker 400[108] South Africa Unmanned aerial vehicle 36 The Seeker 400 is the latest variant of the Seeker UAVs manufactured by South Africa's Denel Dynamics. Used by all branches of the SANDF.[109]
ATE Vulture[110] South Africa Unmanned aerial vehicle 4 Acquired under Project Klooster. The Vulture is used for target acquisition, fall-of-shot detection and fire correction in support of Towed and Self Propelled Gun Howitzer Systems of the SA Army Artillery Formation. It operates without a pilot or a runway and is deployable in 30 minutes in unprepared terrain. The UAV is launched from a catapult on the back of a SAMIL 100 truck. The Vulture is monitored on the ground via the Navigator and Observer screens in a Ground Control Station. A laser system is used for automated approach, an arrestor system for its capture and an inflatable airbag for its recovery.
ESR 220[111] South Africa Mobile battery fire control post and early warning radar 4 Designated as "Kameelperd". The system uses an L-band 2D surveillance radar to provide early warning to air defence artillery troops in the field. This fully autonomous armoured system (with self-contained power plant)is transported by a Spanish-designed Kynos Aljaba 8×8 (“Skimmel” in SANDF service) truck. It is capable of tracking aircraft in a 120 km radius and can be fully operational within 10 minutes of arrival at the deployment site. The system also provides for a combined air picture derived from primary radar(through utilisation of Link-ZA, the SANDF's data link system), as well as a command and control system for effective air defence control.
Thales Squire radar system[112] France Battlefield surveillance radar 14 Acquired in 2012 under Project Cytoon. The radars are designed to plot a pedestrian at 10 km, a vehicle at 21 km, a tank at 28 km, a helicopter at 21 km, a boat at 12 km and a ship at 48 km. The radar system uses a frequency modulated continuous wave Doppler radar and is designed to be virtually undetectable by enemy electronic warfare equipment. All systems are in service with the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Corps.
Thales Sophie man-portable system[112] France Thermal imager 65 Acquired in 2012 under Project Cytoon. The Thales Sophie can spot humans at over 4 km, tanks at 10 km, helicopters at 12 km and jet fighters at 16 km. All systems are in service with the SA Army Tactical Intelligence Corps.
LOCATS[70] No image available South Africa Low cost aerial target systems — The LOCATS is an unmanned aerial target used to train Air Defence Artillery crews in gunnery. It is launched from a ramp fitted on the back of a flatbed truck and is recovered by parachute.

Equipment known to be in reserve

Name Image Origin Type Number Details
Vehicles
Buffel[113] South Africa Infantry mobility vehicle, MRAP 2,400 2,985 Buffels were built, after the South African Border War around 2,400 remained in service and were soon replaced by the new Mamba mine-protected armoured personnel carriers and the excess Buffels were put on sale.
Eland[114] South Africa Armoured reconnaissance vehicle 1,268 Armoured car based on the Panhard AML. 1,600 were built, after the South African Border War 1,268 Eland-60s and Eland-90s remained in service and were soon replaced by the Rooikat tank destroyers and Ratel infantry fighting vehicles and excess Elands were put on sale.

See also

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