List of endemic plants of the Galápagos Islands

This is a list of endemic vascular plants of the Galápagos Islands, which are politically part of Ecuador. The islands are home to dozens of endemic species and subspecies of plants, including endemic genera Brachycereus, Jasminocereus, Scalesia, Sicyocaulis, and Trigonopterum.[1]

Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family.

† indicates species believed to be extinct.

Acanthaceae

Aizoaceae

Amaranthaceae

Apocynaceae

Araliaceae

  • Hydrocotyle galapagensis B.L.Rob.

Aspleniaceae

  • Asplenium formosum var. carolinum (Maxon) C.V.Morton
  • Thelypteris tetragona subsp. aberrans C.V.Morton

Asteraceae

  • Acanthospermum brachyceratum S.F.Blake – unplaced
  • Acmella darwinii (D.M.Porter) R.K.Jansen
  • Baccharis steetzii Andersson
  • Chrysanthellum fagerlindii Eliasson
  • Chrysanthellum pusillum Hook.f.
  • Delilia repens (Hook.f.) Kuntze
  • Encelia hispida Andersson
  • Erigeron alternifolius (Lawesson & Adsersen) N.Andrus & Tye
  • Erigeron darwinii R.Kr.Singh
  • Erigeron lancifolius Hook.f.
    • Erigeron lancifolius var. glabriusculus A.Stewart
    • Erigeron lancifolius var. lancifolius
  • Haplopappus lanatus Hook.f.
  • Jaegeria gracilis Hook.f.
  • Lecocarpus darwinii Adsersen – NE. San Cristóbal
  • Lecocarpus lecocarpoides (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) Cronquist & Stuessy – Española, Gardner bay Is.
    • Lecocarpus lecocarpoides subsp. brachyceratus Tye & P.Jaram. – Gardner bay Is.
    • Lecocarpus lecocarpoides subsp. lecocarpoides – Española, Oeste Is.
  • Lecocarpus leptolobus (S.F.Blake) Cronquist & Stuessy – SW. San Cristóbal
  • Lecocarpus pinnatifidus Decne. – Floreana
  • Pectis subsquarrosa Sch.Bip.
  • Pectis tenuifolia Sch.Bip.
  • Scalesia Arn.
  • Trigonopterum Steetz

Boraginaceae

Brassicaceae

  • Lepidium galapagoensis Al-Shehbaz

Bromeliaceae

Burseraceae

Cactaceae

  • Brachycereus Britton & Rose
  • Jasminocereus Britton & Rose
  • Opuntia galapageia Hensl.
    • Opuntia galapageia subvar. barringtonensis (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb. – Santa Fe
    • Opuntia galapageia var. galapageia
    • Opuntia galapageia var. gigantea (J.T.Howell) Backeb. – Santa Cruz
    • Opuntia galapageia var. helleri (K.Schum. ex B.L.Rob.) Backeb. – Darwin, Genovesa, Marchena, Wolf
    • Opuntia galapageia subvar. inermis (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb. – Isabela
    • Opuntia galapageia var. insularis (A.Stewart) Backeb. – Fernandina, Isabela
    • Opuntia galapageia var. macrocarpa E.Y.Dawson – Pinzón
    • Opuntia galapageia var. myriacantha (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.
    • Opuntia galapageia var. profusa E.F.Anderson & Walk. – Isabela, Santiago
    • Opuntia galapageia var. saxicola (J.T.Howell) Backeb. – Isabela
    • Opuntia galapageia var. zacana (J.T.Howell) Backeb. – Seymour

Caryophyllaceae

Convolvulaceae

  • Convolvulus galapagensis Andersson
  • Cuscuta gymnocarpa Engelm.
  • Ipomoea habeliana Oliv.

Cucurbitaceae

Cyatheaceae

Cyperaceae

Dennstaedtiaceae

  • Hypolepis galapagensis Schwartsb. & J.Prado

Ericaceae

  • Gaultheria howellii (Sleumer) D.J.Middleton

Euphorbiaceae

  • Acalypha abingdonii Seberg – Marchena I., Pinta I.
  • Acalypha flaccida Hook.f. – San Salvador
  • Acalypha parvula Hook.f.
    • Acalypha parvula var. chathamensis (B.L.Rob.) G.L.Webster – San Cristóbal
    • Acalypha parvula var. parvula
    • Acalypha parvula var. reniformis (Hook.f.) Müll.Arg
    • Acalypha parvula var. strobilifera (Hook.f.) Müll.Arg
  • Acalypha sericea Andersson
    • Acalypha sericea var. baurii (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) G.L.Webster – SW. San Cristobal
    • Acalypha sericea var. indefessus G.L.Webster – Santa Cruz
    • Acalypha sericea var. sericea
  • Acalypha velutina Hook.f. – Santa Maria
  • Acalypha wigginsii G.L.Webster – Santa Cruz I.
  • Croton scouleri Hook.f.
    • Croton scouleri var. brevifolius (Andersson) Müll.Arg. – I. Santa María
    • Croton scouleri var. darwinii G.L.Webster – Darwin, Wolf
    • Croton scouleri var. grandifolius Müll.Arg.
    • Croton scouleri var. scouleri
  • Euphorbia abdita (D.G.Burch) Radcl.-Sm.
  • Euphorbia amplexicaulis Hook.f.
  • Euphorbia bindloensis (A.Stewart) Ya Yang
  • Euphorbia equisetiformis A.Stewart
  • Euphorbia galapageia B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
  • Euphorbia nummularia Hook.f.
  • Euphorbia punctulata Andersson
  • Euphorbia recurva Hook.f.
  • Euphorbia viminea Hook.f.

Fabaceae

  • Dalea tenuicaulis Hook.f.
  • Phaseolus mollis Hook.f.

Hypericaceae

  • Hypericum silenoides subsp. minus N.Robson

Iridaceae

  • Sisyrinchium galapagense Ravenna

Lamiaceae

  • Mesosphaerum gymnocaulon (Epling) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore
  • Salvia prostrata Hook.f.

Linaceae

Lycopodiaceae

  • Huperzia galapagensis (O.J.Hamann) Holub

Malvaceae

  • Fuertesimalva insularis (Kearney) Fryxell
  • Gossypium darwinii G.Watt
  • Gossypium klotzschianum subsp. klotzschianum
  • Pseudabutilon depauperatum (Hook.f.) Kearney

Molluginaceae

  • Mollugo crockeri J.T.Howell
  • Mollugo flavescens Andersson
    • Mollugo flavescens subsp. flavescens
    • Mollugo flavescens subsp. gracillima (Andersson) Eliasson
    • Mollugo flavescens subsp. insularis (J.T.Howell) J.T.Howell ex Eliasson
    • Mollugo flavescens subsp. striata (J.T.Howell) Eliasson
  • Mollugo floriana (B.L.Rob.) J.T.Howell
    • Mollugo floriana subsp. floriana
    • Mollugo floriana subsp. gypsophiloides J.T.Howell
    • Mollugo floriana subsp. santacruziana (Christoph.) Eliasson

Montiaceae

Nyctaginaceae

  • Pisonia floribunda Hook.f.

Orchidaceae

  • Cranichis lichenophila D.Weber – I. Isabela
  • Cyclopogon werffii Dodson – I. Santa Cruz
  • Epidendrum spicatum Hook.f.
  • Microchilus ceratostele Ormerod
  • Ponthieva insularis Dressler

Passifloraceae

Piperaceae

Plantaginaceae

  • Galvezia leucantha Wiggins
    • Galvezia leucantha subsp. leucantha
    • Galvezia leucantha subsp. porphyrantha Tye & H.Jäger
  • Plantago galapagensis Rahn

Poaceae

  • Aristida divulsa Andersson
  • Aristida subspicata Trin. & Rupr.
  • Aristida villosa B.L.Rob. & Greenm.
  • Cenchrus platyacanthus Andersson
  • Paspalum galapageium Chase
    • Paspalum galapageium var. galapageium
    • Paspalum galapageium var. minoratum Chase
    • Paspalum galapageium var. redundans (Chase) Delfini & Zuloaga
  • Peyritschia howellii (Hitchc.) Finot & P.M.Peterson
  • Trichoneura lindleyana (Kunth) Ekman
  • Urochloa multiculma (Andersson) Morrone & Zuloaga

Polygalaceae

  • Senega anderssonii (B.L.Rob.) J.F.B.Pastore
  • Senega galapageia (Hook.f.) J.F.B.Pastore
    • Senega galapageia var. galapageia
    • Senega galapageia var. insularis (A.W.Benn.) J.F.B.Pastore
  • Senega sancti-georgii (L.Riley) J.F.B.Pastore
    • Senega sancti-georgii var. oblanceolata (J.T.Howell) J.F.B.Pastore & Agust.Martinez
    • Senega sancti-georgii var. sancti-georgii

Polygonaceae

  • Persicaria galapagensis (Caruel) Galasso

Polypodiaceae

  • Megalastrum galapagense R.C.Moran
  • Megalastrum pleiosoros (Hook.f.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran
  • Pleopeltis insularum (C.V.Morton) A.R.Sm.
  • Pleopeltis tridens J.Sm.

Portulacaceae

  • Portulaca howellii (D.Legrand) Eliasson

Pteridaceae

  • Hemionitis galapagensis (Weath. & Svenson) Christenh.
  • Pteris blanchetiana C.Presl ex Ettingsh.
  • Pteris hostmanniana Ettingsh.

Rhamnaceae

  • Scutia spicata var. pauciflora (Hook.f.) M.C.Johnst.

Rubiaceae

  • Galium galapagoense Wiggins
  • Psychotria angustata Andersson
  • Psychotria rufipes Hook.f.
  • Spermacoce dispersa (Hook.f.) Kuntze
  • Spermacoce divaricata (Hook.f.) Kuntze
  • Spermacoce linearifolia (Hook.f.) Kuntze
  • Spermacoce perpusilla (Hook.f.) Kuntze
  • Spermacoce rotundifolia (Andersson) Fosberg
  • Spermacoce suberecta (Hook.f.) Kuntze

Simaroubaceae

  • Castela galapageia Hook.f.

Solanaceae

Urticaceae

  • Pilea baurii B.L.Rob.

Verbenaceae

  • Lantana peduncularis Andersson
  • Lippia rosmarinifolia Andersson
  • Lippia salicifolia Andersson – Santa Maria
  • Verbena grisea B.L.Rob. & Greenm. – Pinzon
  • Verbena townsendii Svenson

Zygophyllaceae

  • Kallstroemia adscendens (Andersson) B.L.Rob.

References

  1. ^ Endemic plants of Galapagos, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
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