List of People's Republic of Bangladesh governments

This is a list of successive governments of the People's Republic of Bangladesh from the time of the establishment of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh on 10 April 1971.[1]

List

Government Term President Prime Minister Cabinet Government type Party Election Parliamentary strength Note
Provisional government[2][3] 1971–1972 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

acting Syed Nazrul Islam

Tajuddin Ahmed Mujib I Provisional AL None — Formed by the exiled AL leaders.
Constituent assembly[4] 1972–1973 Abu Sayeed Chowdhury Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Mujib II Provisional AL 1970 400/403 Formed by all pro-independence elected MPs and MLAs of East Pakistan.
First Jatiyo Sangsad[5][6] 1973-1973 Abu Sayeed Chowdhury Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Mujib III Parliamentary AL 1973 308/315 AL disbanded by Mujib.
1973–1975 Mohammad Mohammadullah
One party rule[7][8] 1975-1975 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Muhammad Mansur Ali Mujib IV Presidential BaKSAL None — Fourth Amendment made BaKSAL the sole legal party.
First Martial Law[9] 1975-1975 Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad Post abolished Mostaq Presidential AL
military backed 		None — Mujib assassinated in a military coup.
1975–1977 Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem Sayem Mostaq deposed by military coup.
1977–1978 Ziaur Rahman Junta Military 1977 CMLA Zia took charge of the president.
1978-1979 Mashiur Rahman Zia
(Provisional) 		JaGoDal/

BNP

1978 Zia won the first direct presidential election.
Second Jatiyo Sangsad[10][11] 1979–1982 Ziaur Rahman Shah Azizur Rahman Zia
(Elected) 		Presidential BNP 1979 237/330 Martial law was lifted on 9 April 1979
1981-1982 Abdus Sattar Sattar Satter took charge after the Assassination of Zia
Second Martial Law[12] 1982–1983 Ahsanuddin Chowdhury Post abolished Junta Presidential Independent
military backed 		None — Sattar deposed bymilitary coup.
1983-1984 Hossain Mohammad Ershad Military CMLA Ershad declare himself to the president.
1984–1985 Hossain Mohammad Ershad Ataur Rahman Khan Ershad Presidential JaNaDal 1985 Ershad gave him legitimacy by holding confidence referendum.
Third Jatiyo Sangsad 1986-1988 Hossain Mohammad Ershad Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury Ershad Presidential JP-E 1986 183/330 Ershad won 1986 presidential election.
Fourth Jatiyo Sangsad[13] 1988-1989 Hossain Mohammad Ershad Moudud Ahmed Ershad Presidential JP-E 1988 251/300 Ousted by popular uprising
1989-1990 Kazi Zafar Ahmed
First Caretaker Government[14] 1990-1991 Shahabuddin Ahmed vacant Shahabuddin Caretaker Impartial None — Formed by political consensus of 3 alliances.
Fifth Jatiyo Sangsad[15] 1991-1996 Abdur Rahman Biswas Khaleda Zia Khaleda I Parliamentary BNP

with outside support of JI

1991 168/330 Considered as the first free, fair and inclusive election.
Sixth Jatiyo Sangsad[16] 1991-1996 Abdur Rahman Biswas Khaleda Zia Khaleda I Parliamentary BNP 1996 308/330 All major party boycotted the election.
Second Caretaker Government[17] 1996-1996 Abdur Rahman Biswas CA Muhammad Habibur Rahman Habib Caretaker Independent None — Khaleda resigned because of opposition demand and handed over power to impartial caretaker govt.
Seventh Jatiyo Sangsad[18] 1996-1996 Abdur Rahman Biswas Sheikh Hasina Hasina I Parliamentary AL 1996 211/330 Hasina became PM after most close contested election in the history of Bangladesh.
1996-2001 Shahabuddin Ahmed JP-E
JaSaD
Third Caretaker Government[19] 2001-2001 Shahabuddin Ahmed CA Latifur Rahman Latif Caretaker Independent None — Hasina peacefully handed over power to the neutral caretaker government for conduct of election.
Eighth Jatiyo Sangsad[20] 2001-2001 Shahabuddin Ahmed Khaleda Zia Khaleda II Parliamentary BNP 2001 210/300 Extension of age of retirement of the CJB caused political tension and resulted in 1-11 political crisis.
2001-2002 Badruddoza Chowdhury
2002-2002 Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar JeI
2002-2006 Iajuddin Ahmed
Fourth Caretaker government[21][22] 2006-2007 Iajuddin Ahmed CA Iajuddin Ahmed Iajuddin Caretaker Independent None — President declared himself as the CA without exploring other options.
2007-2007 CA Fazlul Haque[a] None State of emergency declared.
2007-2009 CA Fakhruddin Ahmed[b] Fakhruddin Independent
military backed 		Formed as a result of direct military intervention.
Ninth Jatiyo Sangsad[23] 2009-2009 Iajuddin Ahmed Sheikh Hasina Hasina II Parliamentary AL 2008 302/350 Fifteenth Amendment was brought to abolish Caretaker government despite opposition from other parties.
2009-2013 Zillur Rahman JP-E
2013-2014 Mohammad Abdul Hamid JaSaD
Tenth Jatiyo Sangsad[24] 2014-2018 Mohammad Abdul Hamid Sheikh Hasina Hasina III Parliamentary AL 2014 328/350 All opposition boycotted the election. 154 out of 300 MPs got elected unopposed.
JP-E
JaSaD
WPB
JP-M
Eleventh Jatiyo Sangsad[25] 2018-2023 Mohammad Abdul Hamid Sheikh Hasina Hasina IV Parliamentary AL 2018 300/350 Opposition and independent news sources claimed the election to be rigged.
2023-2024 Mohammed Shahabuddin
Twelfth Jatiyo Sangsad[26] 2024-2024 Mohammed Shahabuddin Sheikh Hasina Hasina V Parliamentary AL 2024 271/350 Hasina ousted by popular uprising.
There was no Government (official or unofficial) from noon of 5 August 2024 to evening of 8 August 2024[27][28]
Interim Government rule[29][30] 2024- Mohammad Shahabuddin CA Mohammad Yunus Yunus Interim Impartial None — Formed based on political consent of all parties but AL

Notes

  1. ^ With the official title Chief Advisor equivalent to the post of Prime Minister.
  2. ^ With the official title Chief Advisor equivalent to the post of Prime Minister.

References

  1. ^ Maksud, Syed Abul (2018-03-26). "The Liberation War and the Provisional Government". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  2. ^ "Bangladesh 50 Timeline – The Road to Independence". www.towerhamlets.gov.uk. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  3. ^ Maksud, Syed Abul (2018-03-26). "The Liberation War and the Provisional Government". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  4. ^ "Constitutional Development - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  5. ^ Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p535 ISBN 0-19-924958-X
  6. ^ Government of Bangladesh (1991). A Background Paper on Bangladesh Parliamentary Elections. Dhaka: Press Information Department (Handout No. 429).
  7. ^ Rono, Haider Akbar Khan (2010). Śatābdī pēriẏē শতাব্দী পেরিয়ে (in Bengali). Taraphadara prakashani. p. 335. ISBN 978-984-779-027-5.
  8. ^ Ahmed, Moudud (1984) [First published 1983]. Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 245. ISBN 3-515-04266-0.
  9. ^ "Ziaur Rahman: From sector commander to president". The Daily Star. 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  10. ^ Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p525 ISBN 0-19-924958-X
  11. ^ In Bangladesh Election, the Aura of Two Dead Leaders Is Pervasive The New York Times, 14 November 1981
  12. ^ "Bangladesh holds referendum on military rule". UPI. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  13. ^ "Bangladesh Chief Claims Vote Victory". The New York Times. 17 October 1986.
  14. ^ Syedur Rahman (2010). Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. p. 303. ISBN 9780810874534.
  15. ^ Dieter Nohlen; Florian Grotz; Christof Hartmann (2001). Elections in Asia: A data handbook. Vol. I. p. 537. ISBN 0-19-924958-X.
  16. ^ Islam, Syed Serajul (2001). "Elections and politics in post-Ershad era in Bangladesh" (PDF). Asian and African Studies. 10 (1): 160–173. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
  17. ^ Rahman, Syedur (2010-04-27). Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810874534.
  18. ^ "IPU PARLINE database: BANGLADESH (Jatiya Sangsad), Elections in 2001". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  19. ^ Habib, Haroon (19 July 2001). "Caretaker govt. vows to conduct free, fair poll". The Hindu.
  20. ^ "IPU PARLINE database: BANGLADESH (Jatiya Sangsad), Elections in 2001". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  21. ^ "President sworn in as chief of caretaker govt". The Daily Star. 30 October 2006.
  22. ^ "WikiLeaks: How president Iajuddin was asked to resign". Priyo. 21 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  23. ^ "Bangladesh Election Commission announces results of 299 seats in Parliamentary elections". Xinhua. 31 December 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009.
  24. ^ Chowdhury, Syed Tashfin (7 January 2014). "Violent Bangladesh poll 'not credible'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 March 2022.
  25. ^ "Bangladesh election: Sheikh Hasina wins new term as prime minister". BBC News. 31 December 2018. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  26. ^ "Bangladesh is now in effect a one-party state". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 2024-01-09.
  27. ^ "Bangladesh goes another day without a government — interim or permanent". Firstpost. 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  28. ^ "Muhammad Yunus takes oath as head of Bangladesh's interim government". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  29. ^ "Sheikh Hasina forced to resign: What happened and what's next?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-08-21.
  30. ^ "Yunus to stay at State Guest House Jamuna after taking oath". The Daily Star (Bangladesh). 2024-08-08. Retrieved 2024-08-19.
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