Outline of Oceania

The following outline is provided as an overview and topical guide to Oceania.
Oceania is a geographical, and geopolitical, region consisting of numerous lands—mostly islands in the Pacific Ocean and vicinity. The term is also sometimes used to denote a continent comprising Australia and proximate Pacific islands.[1][2][3][4]
The boundaries of Oceania are defined in a number of ways. Most definitions include parts of Australasia such as Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, and parts of Maritime Southeast Asia.[5][6][7] Ethnologically, the islands of Oceania are divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.[8]
General reference
- Pronunciation (IPA)
- UK: /ˌəʊ.ʃiˈɑːn.(iː.)ə/
 - US: /ˌoʊʃiˈæniə/
 
 - Common English name(s): Oceania, Oceanica[9]
 - Official English name(s): Oceania
 - Adjectival(s): Oceanian
 - Demonym(s): Oceanians
 
Geography of Oceania
- Oceania is
- A geopolitical and geographical region
 - One of the eight terrestrial realms
 
 - Location
- Pacific Ocean
- Mostly in the South Pacific
 
 - Extreme points of Oceania
- Elevation extremes
- Highest point: Puncak Jaya in Papua at 4,884 m (16,024 ft)
 - Lowest point: Lake Eyre, Australia at 16 m (52 ft) below sea level
 
 - Southernmost points of Oceania
 - Extreme points by region
- Extreme points of Australasia
 
 
 - Elevation extremes
 
 - Pacific Ocean
 - Population of Oceania: 34,748,972
 - Atlas of Oceania
 
Geography of Oceania by region
Geography of Oceania by country and territory
- Geography of American Samoa[10]
 - Geography of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Geography of Australia
 - Geography of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Geography of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Geography of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Geography of Fiji
 - Geography of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Geography of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Geography of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Geography of Indonesia[16]
 - Geography of Kiribati
 - Geography of the Marshall Islands
 - Geography of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Geography of Nauru
 - Geography of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Geography of New Zealand
 - Geography of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Geography of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Geography of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Geography of Palau
 - Geography of Papua New Guinea
 - Geography of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Geography of Samoa
 - Geography of the Solomon Islands
 - Geography of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Geography of Tonga
 - Geography of Tuvalu
 - Geography of Vanuatu
 - Geography of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19]
 
Environment of Oceania
Environment of Oceania
Climate of Oceania
- Climate of American Samoa[10]
 - Climate of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Climate of Australia
 - Climate of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Climate of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Climate of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Climate of Fiji
 - Climate of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Climate of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Climate of Hawaii[15] (United States)
 - Climate of Indonesia[16]
 - Climate of Kiribati
 - Climate of the Marshall Islands
 - Climate of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Climate of Nauru
 - Climate of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Climate of New Zealand
 - Climate of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Climate of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Climate of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Climate of Palau
 - Climate of Papua New Guinea
 - Climate of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Climate of Samoa
 - Climate of the Solomon Islands
 - Climate of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Climate of Tonga
 - Climate of Tuvalu
 - Climate of Vanuatu
 - Climate of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Climate of Baker Island
 - Climate of Howland Island
 - Climate of Jarvis Island
 - Climate of Johnston Atoll
 - Climate of Kingman Reef
 - Climate of Midway Atoll
 - Climate of Palmyra Atoll
 - Climate of Wake Island
 
 
Ecology of Oceania
- Ecology of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Ecology of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Ecology of Indonesia[16]
 
Geology of Oceania
- Geology of Australia
 - Geology of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Geology of Indonesia[16]
 - Geology of Nauru
 - Geology of New Zealand
 
Wildlife of Oceania
Flora of Oceania
Fauna of Oceania
- Fauna of Oceanian realm
 - Birds of Oceania
 - Mammals of Oceania
 
Natural geographic features of Oceania
- Islands of Oceania
- Islands of Australasia
 - Islands of Melanesia
 - Islands of Micronesia
 - Islands of Polynesia
 
 - Mountains of Oceania
 - Rivers of Oceania
 - Rock formations in Oceania
 
Regions of Oceania
Biogeographic divisions of Oceania
- Realms of Oceania
 
Political divisions of Oceania
Sovereign states and dependencies (listed in italic) that have at least some territory lying within Oceania:
 American Samoa[10]
 Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11]
 Australia
 Cook Islands[12]
 Coral Sea Islands[11]
 Easter Island[13]
 Fiji
 French Polynesia[14]
 Guam[10]
 Hawaii[15]
 Indonesia[16]
 Kiribati
 Marshall Islands
 Federated States of Micronesia
 Nauru
 New Caledonia[14]
 New Zealand
 Niue[12]
 Norfolk Island[11]
 Northern Mariana Islands[10]
 Palau
 Papua New Guinea
 Pitcairn Islands[17]
 Samoa
 Solomon Islands
 Timor-Leste[20][21]
 Tokelau[18]
 Tonga
 Tuvalu
 Vanuatu
 Wallis and Futuna[14]
Municipalities of Oceania
Demography of Oceania
- Demographics of American Samoa[10]
 - Demographics of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Demographics of Australia
 - Demographics of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Demographics of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Demographics of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Demographics of Fiji
 - Demographics of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Demographics of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Demographics of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Demographics of Indonesia[16]
 - Demographics of Kiribati
 - Demographics of the Marshall Islands
 - Demographics of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Demographics of Nauru
 - Demographics of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Demographics of New Zealand
 - Demographics of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Demographics of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Demographics of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Demographics of Palau
 - Demographics of Papua New Guinea
 - Demographics of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Demographics of Samoa
 - Demographics of Solomon Islands
 - Demographics of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Demographics of Tonga
 - Demographics of Tuvalu
 - Demographics of Vanuatu
 - Demographics of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Demographics of Baker Island
 - Demographics of Howland Island
 - Demographics of Jarvis Island
 - Demographics of Johnston Atoll
 - Demographics of Kingman Reef
 - Demographics of Midway Atoll
 - Demographics of Palmyra Atoll
 - Demographics of Wake Island
 
 
Politics of Oceania
Politics of Oceania by region
- Politics of American Samoa[10]
 - Politics of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Politics of Australia
 - Politics of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Politics of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Politics of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Politics of Fiji
 - Politics of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Politics of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Politics of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Politics of Indonesia[16]
 - Politics of Kiribati
 - Politics of the Marshall Islands
 - Politics of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Politics of Nauru
 - Politics of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Politics of New Zealand
 - Politics of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Politics of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Politics of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Politics of Palau
 - Politics of Papua New Guinea
 - Politics of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Politics of Samoa
 - Politics of the Solomon Islands
 - Politics of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Politics of Tonga
 - Politics of Tuvalu
 - Politics of Vanuatu
 - Politics of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Politics of Baker Island
 - Politics of Howland Island
 - Politics of Jarvis Island
 - Politics of Johnston Atoll
 - Politics of Kingman Reef
 - Politics of Midway Atoll
 - Politics of Palmyra Atoll
 - Politics of Wake Island
 
 
Governments of the countries and dependencies of Oceania
- Government of American Samoa[10]
 - Government of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Government of Australia
 - Government of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Government of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Government of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Government of Fiji
 - Government of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Government of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Government of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Government of Indonesia[16]
 - Government of Kiribati
 - Government of the Marshall Islands
 - Government of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Government of Nauru
 - Government of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Government of New Zealand
 - Government of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Government of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Government of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Government of Palau
 - Government of Papua New Guinea
 - Government of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Government of Samoa
 - Government of the Solomon Islands
 - Government of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Government of Tonga
 - Government of Tuvalu
 - Government of Vanuatu
 - Government of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Government of Baker Island
 - Government of Howland Island
 - Government of Jarvis Island
 - Government of Johnston Atoll
 - Government of Kingman Reef
 - Government of Midway Atoll
 - Government of Palmyra Atoll
 - Government of Wake Island
 
 
Elections in Oceania
- Elections in American Samoa[10]
 - Elections in the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Elections in Australia
 - Elections in the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Elections in the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Elections in Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Elections in Fiji
 - Elections in French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Elections in Guam[10] (United States)
 - Elections in Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Elections in Indonesia[16]
 - Elections in Kiribati
 - Elections in the Marshall Islands
 - Elections in the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Elections in Nauru
 - Elections in New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Elections in New Zealand
 - Elections in Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Elections in Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Elections in the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Elections in Palau
 - Elections in Papua New Guinea
 - Elections in the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Elections in Samoa
 - Elections in the Solomon Islands
 - Elections in Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Elections in Tonga
 - Elections in Tuvalu
 - Elections in Vanuatu
 - Elections in Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Elections in Baker Island
 - Elections in Howland Island
 - Elections in Jarvis Island
 - Elections in Johnston Atoll
 - Elections in Kingman Reef
 - Elections in Midway Atoll
 - Elections in Palmyra Atoll
 - Elections in Wake Island
 
 
Political parties in Oceania
- Political parties in Australia
 - Political parties in the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Political parties in Fiji
 - Political parties in Indonesia[16]
 - Political parties in Kiribati
 - Political parties in the Marshall Islands
 - Political parties in the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Political parties in Nauru
 - Political parties in New Zealand
 - Political parties in Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Political parties in Palau
 - Political parties in Papua New Guinea
 - Political parties in Samoa
 - Political parties in the Solomon Islands
 - Political parties in Tonga
 - Political parties in Tuvalu
 - Political parties in Vanuatu
 
Foreign relations of Oceania
Foreign relations of Oceania
- Foreign relations of Australia
 - Foreign relations of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Foreign relations of Fiji
 - Foreign relations of Indonesia[16]
 - Foreign relations of Kiribati
 - Foreign relations of the Marshall Islands
 - Foreign relations of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Foreign relations of Nauru
 - Foreign relations of New Zealand
 - Foreign relations of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Foreign relations of Palau
 - Foreign relations of Papua New Guinea
 - Foreign relations of Samoa
 - Foreign relations of Solomon Islands
 - Foreign relations of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Foreign relations of Tonga
 - Foreign relations of Tuvalu
 - Foreign relations of Vanuatu
 
Diplomatic missions of Oceania
- Diplomatic missions of Australia
 - Diplomatic missions of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Diplomatic missions of Fiji
 - Diplomatic missions of Indonesia[16]
 - Diplomatic missions of Kiribati
 - Diplomatic missions of the Marshall Islands
 - Diplomatic missions of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Diplomatic missions of Nauru
 - Diplomatic missions of New Zealand
 - Diplomatic missions of Palau
 - Diplomatic missions of Papua New Guinea
 - Diplomatic missions of Samoa
 - Diplomatic missions of the Solomon Islands
 - Diplomatic missions of Tonga
 - Diplomatic missions of Tuvalu
 - Diplomatic missions of Vanuatu
 
International organizations of Oceania
- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
 - Australian Doctors International
 - Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific
 - Gamelan Council
 - ITUC-Asia Pacific
 - Pacific Islands Forum
 - Pacific Islands Trade and Investment Commission
 - Pacific Regional Environment Programme
 - Secretariat of the Pacific Community
 - South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission
 
Law and order in Oceania
- Ages of consent in Oceania
 - Human rights in Oceania
 
Military of Oceania
- Military of American Samoa[10]
 - Military of Australia
 - Military of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Military of Fiji
 - Military of Indonesia[16]
 - Military of Kiribati
 - Military of the Marshall Islands
 - Military of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Military of Nauru
 - Military of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Military of New Zealand
 - Military of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Military of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Military of Palau
 - Military of Papua New Guinea
 - Military of Samoa
 - Military of the Solomon Islands
 - Military of Tonga
 - Military of Tuvalu
 - Military of Vanuatu
 - Military of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Military of Baker Island
 - Military of Howland Island
 - Military of Jarvis Island
 - Military of Johnston Atoll
 - Military of Kingman Reef
 - Military of Midway Atoll
 - Military of Palmyra Atoll
 - Military of Wake Island
 
 
Local government in Oceania
Local government in Oceania
History of Oceania
- Timeline of the history of Oceania
 - Current events of Oceania
 
History of Oceania by period
- 2006 in Oceania
 - 2007
- January 2007 in Oceania
 
 - 2009
 
History of Oceania by region
- History of American Samoa[10]
 - History of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - History of Australia
 - History of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - History of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - History of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - History of Fiji
 - History of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - History of Guam[10] (United States)
 - History of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - History of Indonesia[16]
 - History of Kiribati
 - History of the Marshall Islands
 - History of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - History of Nauru
 - History of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - History of New Zealand
 - History of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - History of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - History of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - History of Palau
 - History of Papua New Guinea
 - History of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - History of Samoa
 - History of Solomon Islands
 - History of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - History of Tonga
 - History of Tuvalu
 - History of Vanuatu
 - History of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19]
 
History of Oceania by subject
- Economic history of Oceania
 - History of the Jews in Oceania
 - Military history of Oceania
 
Culture of Oceania
- Amusement parks in Oceania
 - Architecture of Oceania
 - Cuisine of Oceania
 - Festivals in Oceania
 - Humor in Oceania
 - Media in Oceania
 - National symbols of Oceania
- Coats of arms of Oceania
 - Flags of Oceania
 - National anthem of Oceania
 
 - Nudity locations
 - People of Oceania
- Europeans in Oceania
 - Indigenous peoples of Oceania
 - Ethnic minorities in Oceania
 - Most common surnames in Oceania
 
 - Prostitution in Oceania
 - Public holidays in Oceania
 - Records of Oceania
 
Art in Oceania
- Art in Oceania
 - Cinema of Oceania
 - Literature of Oceania
 - Music of Oceania
 - Television in Oceania
 - Theatre in Oceania
 
Culture of Oceania by region
- Culture of American Samoa[10]
 - Culture of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Culture of Australia
 - Culture of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Culture of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Culture of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Culture of Fiji
 - Culture of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Culture of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Culture of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Culture of Indonesia[16]
 - Culture of Kiribati
 - Culture of the Marshall Islands
 - Culture of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Culture of Nauru
 - Culture of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Culture of New Zealand
 - Culture of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Culture of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Culture of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Culture of Palau
 - Culture of Papua New Guinea
 - Culture of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Culture of Samoa
 - Culture of the Solomon Islands
 - Culture of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Culture of Tonga
 - Culture of Tuvalu
 - Culture of Vanuatu
 - Culture of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Culture of Baker Island
 - Culture of Howland Island
 - Culture of Jarvis Island
 - Culture of Johnston Atoll
 - Culture of Kingman Reef
 - Culture of Midway Atoll
 - Culture of Palmyra Atoll
 - Culture of Wake Island
 
 
Languages of Oceania
- By region
 - Fiafia
 - Endangered languages in Oceania
 - Extinct languages of Oceania
 - Specific languages
 
Religion in Oceania
Religion in Oceania by political division
- Religion in American Samoa[10]
 - Religion in the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Religion in Australia
 - Religion in the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Religion in the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Religion in Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Religion in Fiji
 - Religion in French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Religion in Guam[10] (United States)
 - Religion in Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Religion in Indonesia[16]
 - Religion in Kiribati
 - Religion in the Marshall Islands
 - Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Religion in Nauru
 - Religion in New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Religion in New Zealand
 - Religion in Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Religion in Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Religion in Palau
 - Religion in Papua New Guinea
 - Religion in the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Religion in Samoa
 - Religion in the Solomon Islands
 - Religion in Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Religion in Tonga
 - Religion in Tuvalu
 - Religion in Vanuatu
 - Religion in Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Religion in Baker Island
 - Religion in Howland Island
 - Religion in Jarvis Island
 - Religion in Johnston Atoll
 - Religion in Kingman Reef
 - Religion in Midway Atoll
 - Religion in Palmyra Atoll
 - Religion in Wake Island
 
 
Sports in Oceania
- Basketball in Oceania
 - Football in Oceania
 - Rugby in Oceania
 - Skiing in Oceania
 - Swimming in Oceania
 
Economy and infrastructure of Oceania
- List of Oceanian countries by GDP
 - Banking in Oceania
 - Communications in Oceania
- Internet in Oceania
 - Television stations in Oceania
 
 - Supermarket chains in Oceania
 - Energy in Oceania
 - Health care in Oceania
 - Transport in Oceania
- Air transportation in Oceania
- Airports in Oceania
 - Airlines of Oceania
 
 - Rail transport in Oceania
 - Roads in Oceania
 
 - Air transportation in Oceania
 - Water supply and sanitation in Oceania
 
Economy by country and territory
- Economy of American Samoa[10]
 - Economy of the Ashmore and Cartier Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Economy of Australia
 - Economy of the Cook Islands[12](New Zealand)
 - Economy of the Coral Sea Islands[11] (Australia)
 - Economy of Easter Island[13] (Chile)
 - Economy of Fiji
 - Economy of French Polynesia[14] (France)
 - Economy of Guam[10] (United States)
 - Economy of Hawaii[15](United States)
 - Economy of Indonesia[16]
 - Economy of Kiribati
 - Economy of the Marshall Islands
 - Economy of the Federated States of Micronesia
 - Economy of Nauru
 - Economy of New Caledonia[14] (France)
 - Economy of New Zealand
 - Economy of Niue[12] (New Zealand)
 - Economy of Norfolk Island[11] (Australia)
 - Economy of the Northern Mariana Islands[10] (United States)
 - Economy of Palau
 - Economy of Papua New Guinea
 - Economy of the Pitcairn Islands[17] (United Kingdom)
 - Economy of Samoa
 - Economy of the Solomon Islands
 - Economy of Tokelau[18] (New Zealand)
 - Economy of Tonga
 - Economy of Tuvalu
 - Economy of Vanuatu
 - Economy of Wallis and Futuna[14] (France)
 
- United States Minor Outlying Islands:[19] 
- Economy of Baker Island
 - Economy of Howland Island
 - Economy of Jarvis Island
 - Economy of Johnston Atoll
 - Economy of Kingman Reef
 - Economy of Midway Atoll
 - Economy of Palmyra Atoll
 - Economy of Wake Island
 
 
Education in Oceania
Education in Oceania
See also
References
- ^ Atlas of Canada Web Master (2004-08-17). "The Atlas of Canada - The World - Continents". Atlas.nrcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-11-04. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
 - ^ "Encarta Mexico "Oceanía"". Mx.encarta.msn.com. Archived from the original on 2009-03-17. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
 - ^ Lewis, Martin W.; Kären E. Wigen (1997). The Myth of Continents: a Critique of Metageography. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-20742-4. (hbk.); pbk.). 
The answer [from a scholar who sought to calculate the number of continents] conformed almost precisely to the conventional list: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania (Australia plus New Zealand), Africa, and Antarctica.
 - ^ Current IOC members. International Olympic Committee: Turin 2006.
 - ^ Merriam Webster's Online Dictionary Archived 2008-01-03 at the Wayback Machine (based on Collegiate vol., 11th ed.) 2006. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc.
 - ^ See, e.g., The Atlas of Canada - The World - Continents Archived 2012-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
 - ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Countries of Oceania". Millenniumindicators.un.org. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
 - ^ "Oceania" Archived 2009-02-10 at the Wayback Machine. 2005. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Columbia University Press.
 - ^ ""Oceanica" defined by Memidex/WordNet". Memidex.com. 2009-03-20. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Insular area of the United States.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Australian overseas territory.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Self-governing state in free association with New Zealand.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Part of the region of Valparaiso of Chile.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai French overseas department or territory.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k a State of the United States.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Some Indonesian territory could be considered as part of Asia or Oceania
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k British overseas territory.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Overseas territory of New Zealand.
 - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Excluding Navassa Island, Petrel Islands, and Serranilla Bank, which are in the Caribbean and are not part of Oceania
 - ^ Also known as Timor-Leste.
 - ^ East Timor could be considered as part of Asia or Oceania.