List of Australian plants termed "native"
This is a list of Australian plants which have had a common name prefixed with the adjective "native".
Early European settlers in Australia were confronted with a large variety of unaccustomed animals and plants, and in many cases gave them familiar names qualified with the adjective "native", based on some fancied resemblance, so what is now a koala was called a "native bear" and the dingo a "native dog".[1] Many of these terms are of historic interest only.
| Name | Old binomial name[a] | Modern synonym | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Native apple | |||
| → Apple berry | Billardiera scandens | bush food | |
| → Black apple | Achras australis | Pouteria australis or Planchonella australis |
brush apple, wild plum |
| → Emu apple | Owenia acidula | mooley apple | |
| → Logan apple | Acronychia acidia | Acronychia imperforata | Fraser Island apple |
| → Mulga apple | Acacia aneura | the "apple" is an edible insect gall | |
| → Oak apple | Casuarina stricta | Allocasuarina verticillata | young cones may be chewed |
| → Rose apple | Owenia cerasifera | Owenia acidula var. | sweet plum |
| Native arbutus | Gaultheria hispida | snowberry, chucky chucky; edible | |
| Native banana | Musa banksii Musa hillii Musa fitzalani |
Musa banksii varieties ? | |
| Native banyan | Ficus rubiginosa | rusty fig, Port Jackson fig | |
| Native beech | Callicoma serratifolia | black wattle, wild quince | |
| Native blackberry | Rubus moluccanus Rubus parvifolius Rubus rosifolius |
Molucca bramble Japanese bramble Mauritius raspberry | |
| Native borage | Pollichia zeylanica | Trichodesma zeylanicum | Northern bluebell, camel bush, horse bush |
| Native box | Bursaria spinosa | boxthorn, native olive | |
| Native bread | Polyporus mylitta | Laccocephalum mylittae | edible, though not tasty, fungus |
| Native broom | Viminaria denudata | ||
| Native burnet | Acaena ovina | Acaena agnipola x Acaena echinata[2] |
Australian Sheep's Burr |
| Native cabbage | Nasturtium palustre | Rorippa palustris | not endemic to Australia |
| Native carrot | Daucus brachiatus | Daucus glochidiatus | not endemic to Australia |
| Native cascarilla | Croton verreauxii | green native cascarilla | |
| Native celery | Apium australe Apium prostratum |
not endemic to Australia Tasmanian species | |
| Native centaury | Erythraea australis | Schenkia australis | |
| Native cherry | Exocarpus cupressiformis | ||
| Native cranberry | Pernettya tasmanica | Gaultheria tasmanica | native to Tasmania |
| Native cranberry | Styphelia sapida | Lissanthe sapida | |
| Native cranberry | Styphelia humifusa | Astroloma humifusum | |
| Native cumquat | Atalantia glauca | Eremocitrus glauca | desert lemon, desert lime |
| Native currant | Coprosma billardieri | Coprosma quadrifida | |
| Native currant | Leucopogon richei | ||
| Native currant | Myoporum serratum | Myoporum insulare | blueberry tree, native juniper |
| Native daisy | Brachycome decipiens | Brachyscome decipiens | |
| Native damson | Nageia spinulosa | Podocarpus spinulosus | native plum |
| Native dandelion | Podolepis acuminata | Podolepis robusta | mountain lettuce |
| Native daphne | Myoporum viscorum | Myoporum viscosum | dogwood, waterbush |
| Native date | Capparis canescens | ||
| Native deal | Nageia elata | Podocarpus elatus | |
| Native elder Native elderberry |
Sambucus xanthocarpa Sambucus gaudichaudiana |
Sambucus australasica Sambucus gaudichaudiana |
white elderberry; edible |
| Native flax | Linum marginale | ||
| Native fuchsia | Correa speciosa | Correa reflexa var. speciosa | eastern correa |
| Native fuchsia | Eremophila maculata | spotted fuchsia-bush | |
| Native furze | Hakea ulicina | furze hakea | |
| Native ginger | Alpinia caerulea | Australian ginger; edible | |
| Native grape | Vitis hypoglauca | Cissus hypoglauca | Gippsland grape; edible |
| Native hickory | Acacia leprosa | cinnamon wattle | |
| Native holly | Coprosma hirtella | Tasmania | |
| Native holly | Lomatia ilicifolia | ||
| Native hops | Dodonaea spp. | various | |
| Native hops | Daviesia latifolia | hop bitter-pea | |
| Native hyacinth | Thelymitra longifolia | ||
| Native indigo | Swainsonia spp. | ||
| Native indigo | Indigofera australis | Tasmania | |
| Native ivy | Muehlenbeckia adpressa | Macquarie Harbour vine | |
| Native jasmine | Ricinocarpos pinifolius | wedding bush | |
| Native juniper | Myoporum serratum | Myoporum insulare | blueberry tree, native currant |
| Native kumquat | Atalantia glauca | Eremocitrus glauca | desert lemon, desert lemon |
| Native laburnum | Goodenia lotifolia | Goodenia | |
| Native laburnum | Cassia marksiana | ||
| Native laurel | Pittosporum undulatum | mock orange | |
| Native laurel | Panax elegans | light sycamore | |
| Native lavender | Styphelia australis | Leucopogon australis | spiked beard-heath |
| Native leek | Bulbine bulbosa | native onion; poisonous | |
| Native lilac | Melia composita | not endemic | |
| Native lilac | Prostanthera rotundifolia | round-leaf mint bush | |
| Native lime | Citrus australasica Citrus australis |
finger lime native orange | |
| Native lucerne | Sida rhombifolia | Queensland hemp; not endemic | |
| Native mangrove | Rhizophorea mucronata | Rhizophora mucronata | |
| Native mangrove | Avicennia officinalis | ||
| Native mangrove | Acacia longifolia | Tasmanian name for Boobialla | |
| Native mignonette | Stackhousia linariaefolia | Stackhousia monogyna | creamy candles |
| Native millet | Panicum decompositum | ||
| Native mint | Mentha australis | river mint, native peppermint | |
| Native mistletoe | Loranthus spp. | ||
| Native mulberry | Hedycarya cunninghami | Hedycarya angustifolia | smooth holly |
| Native mulberry | Pipturus propinquus | Pipturus argenteus | Queensland grasscloth plant |
| Native mulberry | Litsaea ferruginea | Litsea spp. | pigeonberry tree |
| Native myrtle | Myoporum serratum | Myoporum insulare | native currant, native juniper, blueberry tree |
| Native nectarine | Owenia acidula | emu apple | |
| Native oak | Casuarina spp. | ||
| Native olive | Bursaria spinosa | boxthorn, native box | |
| Native onion | Bulbine bulbosa | native leek; poisonous | |
| Native orange | Citrus australis | native lime, finger lime | |
| Native orange | Capparis mitchellii | native pomegranate | |
| Native passionflower | Passiflora spp. | some are indigenous | |
| Native peach | Santalum acuminatum Elaeocarpus grandis |
quandong | |
| Native pear | Hakea acicularis | Hakea sericea | bushy needlewood |
| Native pennyroyal | Mentha gracilis | Mentha satureioides | creeping mint |
| Native pepper | Piper novae-hollandiae | ||
| Native plantain | Plantago varia | Plantago spp. | |
| Native plum | Nageia spinulosa | Podocarpus spinulosus | native damson |
| Native pomegranate | Capparis nobilis Capparis mitchelli |
Capparis arborea Capparis canescens Capparis mitchellii |
caper tree wild orange native orange |
| Native potato | Gastrodia sesamoides | ||
| Native quince | Owenia acidula | emu apple | |
| Native quince | Petalostigma quadriloculare | Petalostigma | crab-tree, quinine tree |
| Native raspberry | Rubus gunnianus Rubus rosaefolius |
Tasmania mainland Australia | |
| Native rocket | Epacris lanuginosa | ||
| Native sandalwood | Santalum persicarium | Santalum murrayanum | see also Santalum spicatum, Santalum lanceolatum |
| Native sandalwood | Alyxia buxifolia | sea box, dysentery bush | |
| Native sarsaparilla | Hardenbergia monophylla | ||
| Native sassafras | Atherosperma moschatum | ||
| Native scarlet runner | Kennedya prostrata | Kennedia prostrata | scarlet runner |
| Native shamrock | Lotus australis | ||
| Native speedwell | Veronica formosa | ||
| Native tamarind | Diploglottis cunninghamii | ||
| Native tobacco | Cassinia billardieri | Apalochlamys spectabilis | showy cassinia, fireweed |
| Native tobacco | Duboisia hopwoodii | pituri, pitchery | |
| Native tobacco | Nicotiana suaveolens | ||
| Native tulip | Telopea oreades spp. | waratah | |
| Native willow | Acacia longifolia | ||
| Native yam | Dioscorideae hastifoliae | Dioscorea hastifolia |
Notes
- ^ As reported in Edward E. Morris (1896). Dictionary of Australian Words.
References
- ^ Edward E. Morris (1896). Dictionary of Australian Words.
- ^ "Acaena ovina". Yarra Ranges Council. Retrieved 28 June 2023.