Sclerococcum
| Sclerococcum | |
|---|---|
 
 | |
| Sclerococcum parasiticum (black discs) growing on Pertusaria albescens | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi | 
| Division: | Ascomycota | 
| Class: | Eurotiomycetes | 
| Order: | Sclerococcales | 
| Family: | Dactylosporaceae | 
| Genus: | Fr. (1825)  | 
| Type species | |
| Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr. (1825) 
 | |
| Synonyms | |
  | |
Sclerococcum is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Dactylosporaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed in 1825 by Elias Magnus Fries.[1] The type species is Sclerococcum sphaerale, originally described in 1814 by Erik Acharius (as Spiloma sphaerale). This fungus is a lichenicolous hyphomycete – a mould that lives on a lichen. Most of the Sclerococcum species described since then are also lichenicolous, and most have a restricted host range. Molecular phylogenetics analysis published in 2012 showed that Sclerococcum sphaerale grouped together in a clade with species of Dactylospora in the class Eurotiomycetes.[2]
In 2016, Réblová and colleagues proposed a new family Sclerococcaceae in a new order (Sclerococcales) to accommodate the type genus Sclerococcum, Dactylospora, Rhopalophora, three strains of beetle-associated fungi, and an isolate of Fusichalara minuta.[3] This classification was not accepted in the 2017 Outline of the Ascomycota, which retained the family Dactylosporaceae.[4]
Species
- Sclerococcum acarosporae S.Y.Kondr. (2002)[5]
 - Sclerococcum acarosporicola Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum aeruginosum (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum ahtii (Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum allantoideum (Alstrup & D.Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum amygdalariae (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum anziae (Zhurb., Ezhkin, Skirina & Y.Ohmura) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum aptrootii Diederich (2015)[6]
 - Sclerococcum areolatum Etayo (2008)
 - Sclerococcum arthrobotryinum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum aspiciliicola (Alstrup & D.Hawksw.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum athallinum (Müll.Arg.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum attendendum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum australe (Triebel & Hertel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum bloxamii (Berk. & W.Phillips) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum boreale (Holien & Ihlen) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum caledonicum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum canariense (Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum cladoniicola (Alstrup & Olech) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum crassitunicatum Zhurb., Diederich & U.Braun (2017)
 - Sclerococcum crassum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum davidii (Hafellner & H.Mayrhofer) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum deminutum (Th.Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum dendriscostictae Y.Joshi (2021)[7] – India
 - Sclerococcum dobrowolskii (Olech & Alstrup) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum epicladonia Zhurb. (2017)[8]
 - Sclerococcum epimyces (Tobisch) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum epiphytorum Diederich (1990)[9]
 - Sclerococcum ewersii Elix, P.M.McCarthy & Hafellner (2019)[10] – Australia
 - Sclerococcum fissurinae Pérez-Ort. (2020)[11] – Alaska
 - Sclerococcum frigidum (Hafellner) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum gelidarium Etayo & F.Berger (2000)[12]
 - Sclerococcum glaucomarioides (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum griseisporodochium Etayo (1995)[13]
 - Sclerococcum hafellnerianum (Sérus.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum haliotrephum (Kohlm. & E.Kohlm.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum heterodermiae (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum homoclinellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum imperfectum (Ellis) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum inconspicuum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum inopinum (Döbbeler & W.R.Buck) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum inquilinum (Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum leuckertii Diederich & P.Scholz (1995)[14]
 - Sclerococcum lobariellum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum luridum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum mangrovei (E.B.G.Jones, Alias, Abdel-Wahab & S.Y.Hsieh) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum mediterraneum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum microsporum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum montagnei Hafellner (1996)[15] – Macaronesia
 - Sclerococcum olivaceum Etayo & F.Berger (2004)
 - Sclerococcum ophthalmizae Coppins (2018)
 - Sclerococcum orygmaeum (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum parasitaster (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum parasiticum (Flörke) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum parellarium (Nyl.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum pertusariicola (Willey ex Tuck.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum phaeophysciae Diederich & van den Boom (2017)[16]
 - Sclerococcum phyllobaeis Etayo (2017)
 - Sclerococcum physciae Y.Joshi (2021)[7] – India
 - Sclerococcum pleiospermum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum polysporum (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum porphyreum (Hafellner & Kalb) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum protothallinum (Anzi) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum pseudourceolatum (Sarrión & Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum purpurascens (Triebel) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum pyrenaicum (Etayo) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum rhyparizae (Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum ricasoliae (Vouaux) Flakus, Rodr.Flakus & Etayo (2019)
 - Sclerococcum rimulicola (Müll.Arg.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum rostrupii (Alstrup) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum rubiginosum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum saxatile (Schaer.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum serusiauxii Boqueras & Diederich (1993)[17]
 - Sclerococcum simplex D.Hawksw. (1979)[18]
 - Sclerococcum sipmanii Diederich (2015)[6]
 - Sclerococcum sphaerale (Ach.) Fr. (1825)
 - Sclerococcum stipitatum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum stygium (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum suburceolatum (Coppins & Fryday) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum tegularum (Arnold) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum tephromelarum Etayo & Calat. (1998)[19]
 - Sclerococcum thelotrematicola (Elix) Fryday (2019)
 - Sclerococcum toensbergii Diederich (2017)[16]
 - Sclerococcum urceolatum (Th.Fr.) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 - Sclerococcum verrucisporum Alstrup (1993)[20]
 - Sclerococcum verruculosum (Hafellner) Olariaga, Teres, J.M.Martín, M.Prieto & Baral (2019)
 - Sclerococcum vrijmoediae (K.L.Pang, Sheng Y.Guo, Alias, Hafellner & E.B.G.Jones) Ertz & Diederich (2018)
 
References
- ^ Fries, Elias M. (1825). Systema Orbis Vegetabilis (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lund: Typographia Academica. p. 79.
 - ^ Diederich, Paul; Ertz, Damien; Lawrey, James D.; Sikaroodi, Masoumeh; Untereiner, Wendy A. (2012). "Molecular data place the hyphomycetous lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum close to Dactylospora (Eurotiomycetes) and S. parmeliae in Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales)". Fungal Diversity. 58 (1): 61–72. doi:10.1007/s13225-012-0179-4.
 - ^ Réblová, Martina; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Štěpánek, Václav; Gams, Walter (2016). "Disentangling Phialophora section Catenulatae: disposition of taxa with pigmented conidiophores and recognition of a new subclass, Sclerococcomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes)". Mycological Progress. 16 (1): 27–46. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1248-y.
 - ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Liu, Jian Kui; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.; Ekanayaka, Anusha H.; Tian, Qing; Phookamsak, Rungtiwa (2018). "Outline of Ascomycota: 2017". Fungal Diversity. 88 (1): 167–263. doi:10.1007/s13225-018-0394-8.
 - ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Zelenko, S.D. (2002). "New lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Israel and the Near East". Ukrainskiy Botanichnyi Zhurnal. 59 (5): 598–607.
 - ^ a b Diederich, P. (2015). "Two new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (asexual Ascomycetes) growing on Graphidaceae". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 117: 35–42.
 - ^ a b Joshi, Y. (2021). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungus Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales) from India". Acta Botanica Hungarica. 63 (1–2): 67–75. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.5.
 - ^ Zhurbenko, M.P.; Pino-Bodas, R. (2017). "A revision of lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladonia, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere, with a worldwide key to the known species". Opuscula Philolichenum. 16: 188–266.
 - ^ Diederich, P. (1990). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi 1. Species from Luxembourg". Mycotaxon. 37: 297–330.
 - ^ Elix, J.A.; McCarthy, P.M.; Hafellner, J. (2019). "A new lichenicolous species of Sclerococcum (Dactylosporaceae, Ascomycota) from south-eastern Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 85: 43–45.
 - ^ Spribille, Toby; Fryday, Alan M.; Pérez-Ortega, Sergio; Svensson, Måns; Tønsberg, Tor; Ekman, Stefan; Holien, Håkon; Resl, Philipp; Schneider, Kevin; Stabentheiner, Edith; Thüs, Holger; Vondrák, Jan; Sharman, Lewis (2020). "Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska". The Lichenologist. 52 (2): 61–181. doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079. hdl:10261/232567. PMC 7398404.
 - ^ Berger, F. (2000). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze Islands". Acta Botanica Islandica (in German). 13: 69–82.
 - ^ Etayo, J. (1995). "Two new species of lichenicolous fungi from the Pyrenees". Nova Hedwigia. 61 (1–2): 189–197.
 - ^ Diederich, P.; Scholz, P. (1994). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 5. - Sclerococcum leuckertii spec. nova (Deuteromycotina)". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 57: 113–116.
 - ^ Hafellner, J. (1996). "Bemerkenswerte Funde von Flechten und lichenicolen Pilzen auf makaronesischen Inseln V". Herzogia (in German). 12: 133–145.
 - ^ a b Diederich, P.; van den Boom, P. (2017). "Sclerococcum phaeophysciae and S. toensbergii, two new lichenicolous asexual Ascomycetes, with a revised key to the species of Sclerococcum". Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois. 119: 71–78.
 - ^ Boqueras, M.; Diederich, P. (1993). "New or interesting lichenicolous fungi. 3. Karsteniomyces llimonae sp. nov. and Sclerococcum serusiauxii sp. nov. (Deuteromycotina)". Mycotaxon. 47: 425–431.
 - ^ Hawksworth, D.L. (1979). "The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes". Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History. 6 (3): 249.
 - ^ Etayo, J.; Calatayud, V. (1998). "Sclerococcum (Deuteromycotina) with black sporodochia in Spain". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien. 100: 677–681.
 - ^ Alstrup, V. (1993). "News on lichenicolous fungi from the Nordic countries". Graphis Scripta. 5 (2): 96–104.
 
