Attié language
| Attié | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Ivory Coast |
| Ethnicity | Attie people |
Native speakers | 642,000 (2017)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ati |
| Glottolog | atti1239 |
Attié (Akie, Akye, Atche, Atie, Atshe) is a language of uncertain classification within the Kwa branch of the Niger–Congo family. It is spoken by perhaps half a million people in Ivory Coast.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | [n] | [ɲ] | [ŋ] | [ŋw] | ||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | k͡p | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| voiced | (d͡z) | d͡ʒ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
| Lateral | l | ||||||
| Trill | (r) | ||||||
- /z/ may also be heard as an affricate [d͡z] in free variation among speakers.
- /l/ may also be heard as [r] when following consonants.
- Nasal sounds [n, ɲ, ŋ~ŋw] only occur as a result of sounds /l, j, w/ occurring in nasal positions when preceding or following nasal vowels.
- /h/ in nasal positions occurs as [h̃].
- /w/ may be realized as labio-palatal [ɥ] when occurring after palatal sounds /t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ɟ/.[2]
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| High-mid | e | ɨ | o |
| Low-mid | ɛ | ə | ɔ |
| Low | a |
Sounds /ɨ, ə/ are phonetically heard as [ɨ̞, ɘ] or [ə̞, ɜ].
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | ĩ | ũ | |
| Low-mid | ɛ̃ | ə̃ | ɔ̃ |
| Low | ã |
Writing system
| a | an | b | c | d | dzh | e | ë | ën | ɛ |
| ɛn | f | g | gb | h | i | in | j | k | kp |
| l | m | n | o | ö | ɔ | ɔn | p | r | s |
| sh | t | ts | tsh | u | un | v | w | y | z |
A vowel followed by <n> indicates nasalisation.
Tones are indicated with a diacritic before or after the syllable :
| Tone | Sign | Writing | Example | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | hyphen before syllable | ˗ | ˗ka | thing |
| Mid | nothing | ∅ | wu | acheke |
| High | apostrophe | ʼ | ’mi | mouth |
| Very high | double apostrophe | ˮ | ˮvin | children |
| Falling | hyphen after syllable | ˗ | be˗ | pestle |
References
- ^ Attié at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ Kutsch Lojenga, Constance; Hood, Elizabeth (1983). L'Attié. In Hérault, Georges (ed.), Atlas des langues kwa de Cote d'Ivoire: Abidjan & Paris: Institut de Linguistique Appliquée (ILA); Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique (ACCT). pp. 227–253.
- ^ Hood, Kouachi & Lojenga 1984, p. 5-6.
- ^ Hood, Kouachi & Lojenga 1984, p. 6.
Works cited
- Hood, Elizabeth; Kouachi, Acho Jacob; Lojenga, Constance Kutsch (1984). Attié, dialecte naindin. Abidjan: Les Nouvelles éditions africaines. ISBN 978-2-7236-0680-6.