Image comparing various units: square mile  (the entire yellow square), square kilometre , hectare  and acre , as well as a soccer field  and a Manhattan  block . An area of one square kilometre  consists of 100 hectares  each containing 10,000 square metres . This page is a progressive and labelled list of the SI area  orders of magnitude, with certain examples appended to some list objects.
List of orders of magnitude for area  10 
Factor (m2 )
 
Multiple
 
Value
 
Item
  
10 
 
 
2.6× 102 
 
Planck area , 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              G 
              ℏ 
             
            
              c 
              
                3 
               
             
           
         
       
     
    {\displaystyle {\frac {G\hbar }{c^{3}}}} 
   
 [ 1]  
10 
1 square quectometre 
  
10 
1 square rontometre 
  
10 
 
 
100 rm2 
 
1 shed [ 2]   
10 
1 square yoctometre  (ym2 )
 
 1 ym2 
 
 
  
10 
 
 
100,000 ym2 
 
1 femtobarn [ 3]   
10−42 
 
1 square zeptometre  (zm2 )
 
 1 zm2 
 
 
  
10−36 
 
1 square attometre  (am2 )
 
 1 am2 
 
 
  
10−30 
 
1 square femtometre  (fm2 )
 
 1 fm2 
 
 
  
10−29 
 
 
 
66.52 fm2 
 
Thomson cross-section  of the electron[ 4]  
10−28 
 
 
 
100 fm2 
 
1 barn , roughly the cross-sectional area of a uranium  nucleus [ 5]   
10−24 
 
1 square picometre  (pm2 )
 
 1 pm2 
 
 
  
10−20 
 
1 square angstrom  (Å2 )
 
 10,000 pm2 
 
 
  
10−19 
 
 
100,000 pm2 
 
Area of a lipid bilayer , per molecule[ 6]   
 
75,000–260,000 pm2 
 
Surface area of the 20 standard amino acids [ 7]   
10−18 
 
1 square nanometre  (nm2 )
 
 1 nm2 
 
 
  
10−16 
 
 
100 nm2 
 
Globular proteins :  solvent-accessible surface area of a typical globular protein, having a typical molecular mass of ~35000 u (quite variable)[ 8]  
10−14 
 
 
17,000 nm2 
 
Cross-sectional area of a nuclear pore complex  in vertebrates[ 9]   
10−12 
 
1 square micrometre  (μm2 )
 
6 μm2 
 
Surface area of an E. coli [ 10]   
10−10 
 
 
 
100 μm2 
 
Surface area of a red blood cell [ 11]   
10−9 
 
 
 
6,000–110,000 μm2 
 
Range of common LCD screen pixel sizes [ 12]   
 
 
7,000 μm2 
 
Area of a dot printed using 300 dots per inch  resolution[ 13]   
 
 
8,000 μm2 
 
Cross-sectional area of a straight human hair  that is 100 μm[ 14] [ 15]   
−8  to 10−1  square metres
List of orders of magnitude for areas  10−8  to 10−1  square metres 
Factor (m2 )
 
Multiple
 
Value
 
Item
  
10−8 
 
 
 
55,000 μm2 
 
Size of a pixel  on a typical modern computer display 
  
10−7 
 
 
 
2-400,000 μm2 
 
Cross-sectional area of a mechanical pencil  lead (0.5-0.7 mm in diameter)[ 16]   
10−6 
 
1 square millimetre  (mm2 )
 
1–2 mm2 
 
Area of a human fovea [ 17]   
2 mm2 
 
Area of the head of a pin 
  
10−5 
 
 
 
30–50 mm2 
 
Area of a 6–8 mm hole punched in a piece of paper by a hole punch [ 18]   
10−4 
 
1 square centimetre  (cm2 )
 
290 mm2 
 
Area of one side of a U.S. penny[ 19] [ 20]   
500 mm2 
 
Area of a typical postage stamp 
  
10−3 
 
 
 
1,100 mm2 
 
Area of a human retina[ 21]   
4,600 mm2 
 
Area of the face of a credit card [ 22]   
10−2 
 
1 square decimetre  (dm2 )
 
10,000 mm2  
Index card (3 × 5 inches )[ 23]   
60,000 mm2  
American letter paper  (11 × 8.5 inches , "A" size)
  
62,370 mm2  
International A4 paper  (210 × 297 mm)
  
92,903 mm2  
1 square foot [ 24]   
10−1 
 
 
 
125,000 mm2  
International A3 paper  (297 × 420 mm)
  
180,000 mm2  
Surface area of a basketball  (diameter 24 cm)[ 25] [ 26]   
250,000 mm2  
International A2 paper  (420 × 594 mm)
  
500,000 mm2  
International A1 paper  (594 × 841 mm)
  
100  to 107  square metres 
List of orders of magnitude for areas  100  to 107  square metres. 
Factor (m2 )
 
Multiple
 
Value
 
Item
  
100 
 
1 square metre 
 
1 m2  
International A0 paper  (841 × 1189 mm)
  
1.73 m2  
A number commonly used as the average body surface area of a human[ 27]   
1–4 m2  
Area of the top of an office desk
  
101 
 
 
 
10–20 m2 
 
A parking space
  
70 m2 
 
Approximate surface area of a human lung[ 28]   
102 
 
1 square decametre  (dam2 )
 
100 m2 
 
One are  (a)
  
162 m2 
 
Size of a volleyball  court (18 × 9 metres)[ 29]   
202 m2 
 
Floor area of a median suburban  three-bedroom house in the US in 2010:  2,169 sq ft (201.5 m2 )[ 30]   
261 m2 
 
Size of a tennis court [ 31]   
437 m2 
 
Size of an NBA/WNBA/NCAA basketball court [ 32]   
845 m2 
 
Wing area of Airbus A380 , the largest commercial airliner[ 33]   
978 m2 
 
Size of the primary mirror of the Extremely Large Telescope , the largest optical telescope in the world (under construction)[ 34]   
103 
 
1 kilo  square meter  k(m2 )
 
1,000 m2  
Surface area of a modern stremma  or dunam 
  
1,250 m2  
Surface area of the water in an Olympic-size swimming pool [ 35]   
4,047 m2  
1 acre [ 36]   
5,400 m2  
Size of an American football field [ 37] [ 38]   
7,140 m2  
Size of a typical football (soccer) field [ 39] [ 40]   
104 
 
1 square hectometre  (hm2 )
 
10,000 m2  
1 hectare  (ha)[ 41]   
17,000 m2  
Approximate area of a cricket field  (theoretical limits: 6,402 m2  to 21,273 m2 )[ 42]   
22,100 m2  
Area of a Manhattan  city block 
  
53,000 m2  
Base of the Great Pyramid of Giza [ 43] [ 44]   
105 
 
 
 
195,000 m2  
Irish National Botanic Gardens [ 45]  
490,000 m2  
Vatican City [ 46]  
600,000 m2  
Total floor area of the Pentagon [ 47]   
659,611 m2 
 
Total floor area of Surat Diamond Bourse  (largest office building)[ 48]   
887,800 m2  
AvtoVAZ  main assembly building, Tolyatti, Russia (largest building by footprint)
 
106 
 
1 mega  square meter  M(m2 )
1 square kilometre  (km2 )
 
1.76 km2  
New Century Global Center , Chengdu, China (largest building by total floor area)
 
2 km2  
Monaco  (country ranked 192nd by area)[ 49]  
2.59 km2  
1 square mile [ 50]   
2.9 km2  
City of London  (not all of modern London )[ 51]  
107 
 
 
 
59.5 km2  
Manhattan  Island (land area)[ 52]  
61 km2  
San Marino [ 53]  
108  to 1014  square metres 
Factor (m2 )
 
Multiple
 
Value
 
Item
  
108 
 
 
 
105 km2  
Paris  (inner city only)[ 54]  
110 km2  
Walt Disney World [ 55]  
272 km2  
Taipei City [ 56]  
630 km2  
Toronto [ 57]  
109 
 
1 giga  square meter  G(m2 )
 
1,100 km2  
Hong Kong [ 58]  
1,290 km2  
Los Angeles, California , United States (city)[ 59]  
1,962 km2  
Jacksonville, Florida ; largest city in the Continental US [ 60]  
2,188 km2  
Tokyo [ 61]  
3,130 km2 
 
Average area of an American county 
  
5,780 km2  
Administrative area of Bali [ 62]   
8,030 km2  
Community of Madrid , Spain
 
1010 
 
 
 
11,000 km2  
Jamaica [ 63]  
30,528 km2  
Belgium
  
68,870 km2  
Lake Victoria [ 64]  
84,000 km2  
Austria[ 65]   
1011 
 
 
 
100,000 km2  
South Korea [ 66]  
167,996 km2  
Jiuquan  in China
 
232,000 km2  
Total area covered by underwater search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370  (including both 2014-2017 and 2018 searches)
  
238,397 km2 
 
Romania [ 67]  
301,338 km2  
Italy [ 68]  
357,000 km2  
Germany[ 69]   
377,900 km2  
Japan[ 70]   
510,000 km2  
Spain[ 71]   
780,000 km2  
Turkey [ 72]  
1012 
 
1 tera  square meter  T(m2 )
1 square megametre  (Mm2 )
 
1.0 Mm2  
Egypt  (country ranked 29th by area )[ 73]  
2 Mm2 
 
Mexico 
 
3.10 Mm2  
Sakha (Yakutia) Republic  in Russia (largest subnational governing body )[ 74]  
3.28 Mm2 
 
India  (country ranked 7th by area )
 
5 Mm2  
Largest extent of the Roman Empire [ 75] [ 76]   
7.74 Mm2  
Australia (country ranked 6th by area )[ 77]   
8.5 Mm2  
Brazil
  
9.5 Mm2 
 
China/ United States of America
  
1013 
 
 
 
10 Mm2  
Canada (including water)[ 78]   
14 Mm2  
Antarctica [ 79]  
14 Mm2  
Arable land  worldwide[ 80]  
16.6 Mm2  
Surface area of Pluto [ 81]   
17 Mm2  
Russia (country ranked 1st by area )[ 82]   
24 Mm2 
 
Largest extent of Mongol Empire 
  
30 Mm2  
Africa [ 83]  
35.5 Mm2  
Largest extent of the British Empire [ 84]   
38 Mm2  
Surface area of the Moon [ 85]   
44.6 Mm2 
 
Asia  (largest continent  by area)
 
70.5 Mm2 
 
Indian Ocean [ 86]  
85.1 Mm2  
Atlantic Ocean [ 87]  
1014 
 
 
 
144 Mm2  
Surface area of Mars [ 88]   
150 Mm2  
Land area of Earth [ 89]   
168.7 Mm2  
Pacific Ocean [ 90]  
360 Mm2  
Water area of Earth[ 89]   
510 Mm2  
Total surface area of Earth[ 89]   
1015  to 1026  square metres 
List of orders of magnitude for areas  1015  to 1026  square metres. 
Factor (m2 )
 
Multiple
 
Value
 
Item
  
1015 
 
1 peta  square meter  P(m2 )
 
1,000 Mm2  
Surface area of the white dwarf , Van Maanen's star 
  
7,600 Mm2  
Surface area of Neptune [ 91]   
1016 
 
 
 
43,000 Mm2  
Surface area of Saturn [ 92]   
61 000 Mm2  
Surface area of Jupiter ,[ 93] exactly  one quarter the surface-area of the overall sphere, which in the case of Jupiter is approximately 1.535× 102 .
  
1017 
 
 
 
2-600 000 Mm2  
Surface area of the brown dwarf  CT Chamaeleontis B .
  
460,000 Mm2  
Area swept by the Moon's orbit  of Earth
  
1018 
 
1 square gigametre  (Gm2 )
 
6.1 Gm2  
Surface area of the Sun [ 94]   
1019 
 
 
 
30 Gm2  
Surface area of the star Vega 
  
1020 
 
 
 
 100 Gm2 
 
 
  
1021 
 
1 zetta  square meter  Z(m2 )
 
1 000 Gm2 
 
  
1022 
 
 
 
11 000 Gm2  
Area swept by Mercury's  orbit around the Sun
  
37 000 Gm2  
Area swept by Venus ' orbit around the Sun
  
71 000 Gm2  
Area swept by Earth 's orbit around the Sun
  
1023 
 
 
 
160 000 Gm2  
Area swept by Mars ' orbit around the Sun
  
281 000 Gm2  
Surface area of a Dyson sphere  with a radius of 1 AU
  
1024 
 
1 yotta  square meter  (m2 )
1 square terametre  (Tm2 )
 
1.9 Tm2  
Area swept by Jupiter 's orbit around the Sun
  
6.4 Tm2  
Area swept by Saturn 's orbit around the Sun
  
8.5 Tm2  
Surface area of the red supergiant  star Betelgeuse 
  
1025 
 
 
 
24 Tm2  
Surface area of the hypergiant  star VY Canis Majoris 
  
26 Tm2  
Area swept by Uranus ' orbit around the Sun
  
64 Tm2  
Area swept by Neptune 's orbit around the Sun
  
1026 
 
 
 
110 Tm2  
Area swept by Pluto 's orbit around the Sun
  
1027  square metres and larger 
List of orders of magnitude for areas  1027  square metres and larger. 
Factor (m2 )
 
Multiple
 
Value
 
Item
  
1030 
 
1 square petametre  (Pm2 )
 
 
  
1031 
 
 
10 Pm2 
 
  
1032 
 
 
200 Pm2 
 
Roughly the surface area of the Oort Cloud 
  
 
300 Pm2 
 
Roughly the surface area of a Bok globule 
  
1033 
 
 
1 000 Pm2 
 
  
1034 
 
 
30 000 Pm2 
 
Roughly the surface area of The Bubble  nebula
  
1035 
 
 
100 000 Pm2 
 
  
1036 
 
1 square exametre  (Em2 )
 
 
  
...
  
1041 
 
 
700 000 Em2 
 
Roughly the area of Milky Way 's galactic disk
  
1042 
 
1 square zettametre  (Zm2 )
 
 
  
...
  
1048 
 
1 square yottametre  (Ym2 )
 
 
  
1054 
 
1 square ronnametre  (Rm2 )
 
2.4 Rm2 
 
Surface area of the observable universe[ 95]   
See also 
References 
^ Calculated:  square of the Planck length  = (1.62e-35 m)^2 = 2.6e-70 m^2 
^ Russ Rowlett (September 1, 2004). "Units: S" . How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement . University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . Retrieved 2011-10-25  . ^ "Femtobarn" . CERN writing guidelines . CERN . Retrieved 2015-10-22  .^ Eric W. Weisstein. "Thomson Cross Section" . Eric Weisstein's World of Science . Wolfram Research. Retrieved 2015-10-22  . ^ "Other non-SI units" . SI brochure . BIPM. Archived from the original  on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2011-10-25  .^ " . BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-09  .^ "Individual Properties of the 20 Standard Amino Acids: Properties and Images" . The Amino Acid Repository . Jena Library of Biological Macromolecules. Retrieved 2011-10-10  .^ Janin, J. E. L. (1979). "Surface and inside volumes in globular proteins". Nature . 277  (5696): 491– 492. Bibcode :1979Natur.277..491J . doi :10.1038/277491a0 . PMID  763335 . S2CID  4338901 . ^ "The Nuclear Pore Complex" . UIUC Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. Retrieved 2011-10-14  .^ "E. coli Statistics" . The CyberCell  Database. Archived from the original  on 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2011-09-11  .^ Marcelli, Gianluca; Parker, Kim H.; Winlove, C. Peter (2005). "Thermal Fluctuations of Red Blood Cell Membrane via a Constant-Area Particle-Dynamics Model" . Biophysical Journal . 89  (4): 2473– 2480. Bibcode :2005BpJ....89.2473M . doi :10.1529/biophysj.104.056168 . PMC  1366746 PMID  16055528 . ^ Calculated:  Smallest and largest common pitches  were 77 micrometers and 337 micrometers.  (77e-6 m)^2 ~= 6e-9 m^2.  (337e-6 m)^2 ~= 114e-9 m^2 ~= 110e-9 m^2 
^ Calculated:  (300 dots per inch / 2.54e-2 m/inch)^(-2) = 7.2e-9 m^2 
^ "Hair Fiber Composition" . Retrieved 2011-09-30  .^ Calculated:  100 μm in diameter => pi * ((1e-4 m)/2)**2 = 7.9e-9 m^2 
^ Calculated:  pi * (0.5mm/2)^2 = 2.0e-7 m^2  and pi * (0.7mm/2)^2 = 3.8e-7 m^2) 
^ "Part XIII: Facts and Figures concerning the human retina" . Webvision . University of Utah. Archived from the original  on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-28  .^ Calculated:  ((6e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 2.8e-5 m^2  and  ((8e-3 m)/2)**2 * pi = 5.0e-5 m^2 
^ "Coin specifications" . United States Mint. Retrieved 2011-12-28  .^ Calculated:  area = pi * diameter^2 / 4 = 3.14 * (19.05e-3 m)^2 = 2.850e-4 m^2 
^ Taylor, Enid; Jennings, Alan (1971). "Calculation of total retinal area" . Br. J. Ophthalmol . 55  (4): 262– 5. doi :10.1136/bjo.55.4.262 . PMC  1208280 PMID  5572268 . ^ "Credit Card Dimensions" . Retrieved 2011-09-30  .^ Calculated:  3 inches * 5 inches * (2.54e-2 m/inch)^2 = 9.7e-3 m^2 ~= 0.01 m^2 
^ Calculated:  1 foot * 1 foot * (0.3048 meters / foot)^2 = 0.092.90304 m^2 
^ "Rules of the Game" . USA Basketball. Archived from the original  on 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ Calculated:  29.5-29.75 inch circumference * 2.54 cm / in = 23.85-24.05 cm diameter => radius = 0.119-0.120 m => Area = 4 * pi * (0.119 m)^2 = 0.18 m^2 
^ Sacco, Joseph J.; Botten, Joanne; Macbeth, Fergus; Bagust, Adrian; Clark, Peter (2010). "The Average Body Surface Area of Adult Cancer Patients in the UK: A Multicentre Retrospective Study" . PLOS ONE . 5  (1): e8933. Bibcode :2010PLoSO...5.8933S . doi :10.1371/journal.pone.0008933 PMC  2812484 PMID  20126669 . ^ Notter, Robert H. (2000). Lung surfactants: basic science and clinical applications ISBN  0-8247-0401-0 . Retrieved 2011-09-27  . ^ "Section 1.1"  (PDF) . Official Volleyball Rules 2011-2012 . FIVB . 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-27  . The playing court is a rectangle measuring 18 x 9 m, surrounded by a free zone which is a minimum of 3 m wide on all sides. ^ "Median and Average Square Feet of Floor Area in New Single-Family Houses Completed by Location"  (PDF) . US Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-26  .^ "Area of a Tennis Court" . The Physics Factbook . Retrieved 2011-09-27  .^ Calculated: 4,700 sq ft * (0.3048 ft/m)2  = 436.644288 m2  
^ "A380 Prestige Specifications"  (PDF) . Airbus. Archived from the original  (PDF)  on 12 October 2016.^ "Extremely Large Telescope - Timeline" . Retrieved 11 July  2023 .^ Calculated: 50 m * 25 m = 1250 m^2 
^ "General Tables of Units of Measurement"  (PDF) . NIST. Archived from the original  (PDF)  on 2006-11-26. Retrieved 2011-10-28  . 4046.87 ^ "What are the Dimensions of a Football Field" . Dimensions Guide . Retrieved 2011-10-27  .^ Calculated:  360 feet * 160 feet * (0.3048 m/ft)^2 = 5351 m^2 ~= 5400 m^2 
^ "How Big Is An Olympic Soccer Field?" . LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved 2012-01-04  . For the Olympics, fields are supposed to measure exactly 105 meters long and 68 meters wide ^ Calculated:  105 m * 68 m = 7140 m^2 
^ "General Tables of Units of Measurement"  (PDF) . NIST. Archived from the original  (PDF)  on 2006-11-26. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "AFL Ground Sizes | Passy's World of Mathematics" . passyworldofmathematics.com. 11 September 2011. Retrieved 2016-11-12  .^ Greenberg, Ralph. "THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA (Some Elegant Numerical Relationships)" . Retrieved 2012-01-04  . average length of the four sides is 230.364 meters  ^ Calculated:  230.364 m^2 ~= 53068 m^2 
^ Gartland, Fiona. "Valuable lead roofing stolen from Dublin bandstands" . Archived  from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May  2018 . ^ "Holy See (Vatican City)" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "The Pentagon - George Bergstrom" . Great Buildings Online. Retrieved 2011-10-28  . Floor area of 6.5 million square feet, 34 acres, 13.8 hectares, of which 3.7 million square feet are used for offices. ^ Holland, Oscar (2023-07-18). "The world's new largest office building is bigger than the Pentagon" . CNN . Retrieved 2024-11-07  . ^ "Monaco" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-30  .^ Calculated:  1 mile * 1 mile * (1.61 km / mile)^2 = 2.59 km^2 
^ "Jurisdictions: London" . The International Finance Centre Portal. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "New York -- Place and County Subdivision: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density 2000" . Census 2000 Summary File 1 . US Census Bureau. Archived from the original  on 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "San Marino" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-30  .^ "Comparateur de territoire: Commune de Paris (75056)" . INSEE. Retrieved 2020-08-26  .^ "Walt Disney World Resort" . Disney By The Numb3rs. Archived from the original  on 2015-06-12. Retrieved 2011-10-28  . 30,500 acres ^ "Appendix II Statistics" . Taipei Yearbook 2010 . Archived from the original  on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "Population and Dwelling Counts" . 2001 Census . Statistics Canada. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "Hong Kong" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "California by Place: Los Angeles city" . US Census. Archived from the original  on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2011-10-28  . 498.29 square miles ^ "Cities with 100,000 or More Population in 2000 ranked by Land Area (square miles) /1, 2000 in Rank Order" . U.S. Census Bureau, Administrative and Customer Services Division, Statistical Compendia Branch . March 16, 2004. Archived from the original  on October 17, 2002. Retrieved 2010-10-26  .^ "OVERVIEW OF TOKYO" . Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Archived from the original  on 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "Kabupaten Klungkung : Data Agregat per Kecamatan"  (PDF) . Sp2010.bps.go.id . 2010. Retrieved 5 January  2018 .^ "Jamaica" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Lake Profile: Victoria" . World Lakes . LakeNet. Archived from the original on November 27, 2003. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "Austria" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "South Korea" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29. 
^ "Italy" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Germany" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Japan" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Spain" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Turkey" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original  on January 10, 2021. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Egypt" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ Rosstat (Russian Statistical Service), 2010  Archived  2012-10-18 at the Wayback Machine  (xls). Retrieved 2012-06-15.^ Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (December 2006). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires" . Journal of World-Systems Research . 12  (2): 222. ISSN  1076-156X . Retrieved 2016-09-16  . ^ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D.". Social Science History . 3  (3/4): 125. doi :10.2307/1170959 . JSTOR  1170959 . ^ "Australia" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "Canada" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Antarctica" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-10-28  .^ "FAO Resources page" . FAO.org. 2010.^ "Pluto: By the Numbers" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-12-11  .^ "Russia" . The World Factbook . Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Map of Africa" . Worldatlas.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04  . 30,065,000 sq km ^ Rein Taagepera  (September 1997). "Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia"  (PDF) . International Studies Quarterly 41  (3): 502. doi :10.1111/0020-8833.00053 . JSTOR  2600793 .^ "Earth's Moon: Facts & Figures" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2004-02-24. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Indian Ocean - The World Factbook" . www.cia.gov . Retrieved 2024-11-07  .^ "The World Factbook: Atlantic Ocean" . Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-03-24. Retrieved 2011-09-30  .^ "Mars: Facts & Figures" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2003-12-15. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ a b c   "The World Factbook: World" . Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-08-31. Retrieved 2011-09-27  .^ "The World Factbook: Pacific Ocean" . Central Intelligence Agency. 2011-11-17. Retrieved 2011-09-30  .^ "Neptune: Facts & Figures" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2003-12-15. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Saturn: Facts & Figures" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2004-02-24. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Jupiter: Facts & Figures" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2003-12-15. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Sun: Facts & Figures" . Solar System Exploration . NASA. Archived from the original  on 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2011-09-29  .^ "Wolfram|Alpha: Computational Knowledge Engine" . www.wolframalpha.com . Retrieved 2016-03-01  .  
Quantity See also Related